Income inequality and mortality in metropolitan areas of the United States
Income inequality and mortality in metropolitan areas of the United States
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.88.7.1074
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发表时间：
1998-07-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Yen, IH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lynch, JW;Kaplan, GA;Yen, IH
目标。这项研究调查了282个美国大都会地区收入不平等与死亡率之间的关系。收入不平等的衡量标准是根据1990年美国人口普查计算得出的。死亡率根据国家卫生统计中心的数据计算，并用对数年龄调整率的加权线性回归进行建模。结果收入不平等程度较高和较低的大都市地区之间的超额死亡率介于64.7/10万到95.8/10万之间。在特定年龄的分析中。婴儿死亡率和15~64岁年龄段的死亡率收入不平等最为明显。收入不平等程度越高，所有人均收入水平的死亡率就越高。与低不平等和高收入地区相比，收入高度不平等和低平均收入地区的死亡率高出139.8/10万。这一死亡率差异的幅度相当于1995年因肺癌、糖尿病、机动车撞车、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染、自杀和凶杀造成的生命损失总和。鉴于与收入不平等相关的死亡负担，公共和私营部门减少经济不平等的举措应成为高度优先事项。
Objectives. This study examined associations between income inequality and mortality in 282 US metropolitan areas.Methods. Income inequality measures were calculated from the 1990 US Census. Mortality was calculated from National Center for Health Statistics data and modeled with weighted linear regressions of the log age-adjusted rate.Results, Excess mortality between metropolitan areas with high and low income inequality ranged fi om 64.7 to 95.8 deaths per 100 000 depending on the inequality measure. In age-specific analyses. income inequality was most evident for infant mortality and for mortality between ages 15 and 64.Conclusions. Highs income inequality is associated with increased mortality at all per capita income levels. Areas with high income inequality and low average income had excess mortality of 139.8 deaths per 100 000 compared with areas with low inequality and high income. The magnitude of this mortality difference is comparable to the combined loss of life from lung cancer, diabetes, motor vehicle crashes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, suicide, and homicide in 1995. Given Bie mortality burden associated with income inequality,, public and private sector initiatives to reduce economic inequalities should bz a high priority.