The dynamics of open populations: integration of top–down, bottom–up and supply–side influences on intertidal oysters

The dynamics of open populations: integration of top–down, bottom–up and supply–side influences on intertidal oysters
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开放种群动态:自上而下、自下而上和供给侧对潮间带牡蛎影响的整合

DOI:
10.1111/oik.05892
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Grosholz, Edwin D.
Grosholz, Edwin D.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kimbro, David L.;White, J. Wilson;Grosholz, Edwin D.

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大多数社区的结构不是由一个单一的过程构成的,而是由自上而下、自下而上和供应方(即招募青少年)因素的某种组合构成的。然而,确定多个进程如何相互作用仍然是一个根本性的挑战。例如,河口物种的补充、生长和死亡率可以沿着这些生境典型的陡峭和众多的环境和生物梯度变化,但这些梯度的相对重要性通常是未知的。我们采取了一种新的方法来解决这个问题,通过耦合长期的现场观测的奥林匹亚牡蛎Ostrea luridain一个中央加州河口的状态空间积分投影模型。这种方法表明,牡蛎种群动态的最简约的描述涉及空间变化的增长和成人死亡率-但不是少年死亡率-以及时空变化的招聘。这些模式与实地研究中每个过程的短期估计相匹配,并揭示了牡蛎种群动态的综合观点。幼虫招聘有一个年际的“繁荣和萧条”的模式,并在良好的招聘年大多数幼虫定居在水停留时间最高的内湾。成年牡蛎的死亡率也是最高的内湾,其中几个入侵的捕食者是丰富的和最低的中湾,牡蛎的增长是最大的(由于自下而上的因素),可能导致一个大小的避难所,从本地捕食者。令人惊讶的是,少年死亡率是恒定的整个海湾,可能是因为缺乏本地和入侵的捕食者的大小避难所。我们的研究方法是一个重要的进步,在解开时空变化的贡献,自上而下,自下而上和供应方的力量与开放招聘的人口动态。
Most communities are structured not by a single process but by some combination of top–down, bottom–up and supply–side (i.e. juvenile recruitment) factors. However, establishing how multiple processes interact remains a fundamental challenge. For example, the recruitment, growth, and mortality of estuarine species can vary along the steep and numerous environmental and biological gradients typical of these habitats, but the relative importance of those gradients is generally unknown. We took a novel approach to this question by coupling long‐term field observations of the Olympia oysterOstrea luridain a central California estuary with a state–space integral projection model. This approach revealed that the most parsimonious description of oyster population dynamics involved spatial variation in growth and adult mortality – but not juvenile mortality – as well as spatiotemporal variation in recruitment. These patterns match the available short‐term estimates of each of those processes from field studies, and reveal a synthetic view of oyster population dynamics. Larval recruitment has an interannual ‘boom and bust’ pattern, and during good recruitment years most larvae settle in the inner bay where water residence time is highest. Adult oyster mortality is also highest in the inner bay, where several invasive predators are abundant and lowest in the mid‐bay, where oyster growth is greatest (due to bottom–up factors), likely leading to a size refuge from native predators. Surprisingly, juvenile mortality was constant across the bay, possibly because of a lack of size refuge from native and invasive predators. Our research approach represents an important advance in disentangling the contributions of spatio–temporal variation in top–down, bottom–up and supply–side forces to the dynamics of populations with open recruitment.
量化多个过程对当地丰度的影响:开放种群的队列方法。
DOI: --
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