The dynamics of awareness
The dynamics of awareness
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意识的动态
DOI：
10.1007/s11229-010-9764-9
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
F. R. Velázquez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Benthem;F. R. Velázquez
经典认知逻辑描述了主体关于事实的隐含知识和基于语义信息的其他主体的知识。后者是由动态认知逻辑很好地描述的观察或交流行为产生的。然而，这些逻辑没有描述的是，重要的信息如何也是由推理行为产生的--而系统的关键公理只是假设“演绎闭合”。在本文中，我们认为所有的信息都是由行为产生的，因此我们还需要一个动态的推理步骤逻辑，表明主体付出了什么努力才能得出一个明确的结论。智能体的强全知特性不应被视为静态的理想化，而应被视为智能体参与的动态过程的结果。这提出了两个问题：(A)如何定义合适的代理信息状态和显性知识的匹配概念，(B)如何定义在这些状态上产生新的显性知识的自然过程。为此，我们使用现有觉知文献中的静态基础，将其扩展为一个动态系统，其中包括传统的观察行为，但也从当前的“觉知”集合中添加和删除公式。我们给出了一个完备性定理，并展示了这种动力学如何更新显式知识。然后，我们将我们的方法扩展到多代理场景，在这些场景中，感知变化可能会私下发生。最后，我们提到了进一步的方向和相关的方法。我们的贡献可以被视为对现有意识逻辑的“动态化”。
Classical epistemic logic describes implicit knowledge of agents about facts and knowledge of other agents based on semantic information. The latter is produced by acts of observation or communication that are described well by dynamic epistemic logics. What these logics do not describe, however, is how significant information is also produced by acts of inference—and key axioms of the system merely postulate “deductive closure”. In this paper, we take the view that all information is produced by acts, and hence we also need a dynamic logic of inference steps showing what effort on the part of the agent makes a conclusion explicit knowledge. Strong omniscience properties of agents should be seen not as static idealizations, but as the result of dynamic processes that agents engage in. This raises two questions: (a) how to define suitable information states of agents and matching notions of explicit knowledge, (b) how to define natural processes over these states that generate new explicit knowledge. To this end, we use a static base from the existing awareness literature, extending it into a dynamic system that includes traditional acts of observation, but also adding and dropping formulas from the current ‘awareness’ set. We give a completeness theorem, and we show how this dynamics updates explicit knowledge. Then we extend our approach to multi-agent scenarios where awareness changes may happen privately. Finally, we mention further directions and related approaches. Our contribution can be seen as a ‘dynamification’ of existing awareness logics.