Introduction to the human gut microbiota.
Introduction to the human gut microbiota.
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DOI：
10.1042/bcj20160510
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发表时间：
2017-05-16
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Juge N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Thursby E;Juge N
人类胃肠道（GI）是一个复杂而动态的微生物群，肠道微生物群在体内平衡和疾病期间对宿主产生显著影响。多种因素有助于婴儿期人类肠道菌群的建立。饮食被认为是一生中塑造肠道微生物群的主要驱动因素之一。肠道细菌在维持免疫和代谢稳态以及抵御病原体方面发挥着至关重要的作用。肠道细菌组成的改变（生态失调）与许多炎症性疾病和感染的发病机制有关。对这些研究的解释依赖于更好地理解个体间的差异、胃肠道沿线和整个细菌群落的异质性、功能冗余以及在生态失调状态下区分因果的需要。这篇综述总结了我们目前对人类胃肠道微生物群的发育和组成的理解，及其对肠道完整性和宿主健康的影响，以及对宿主-微生物相互作用机制研究的需求。
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbours a complex and dynamic population of microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which exert a marked influence on the host during homeostasis and disease. Multiple factors contribute to the establishment of the human gut microbiota during infancy. Diet is considered as one of the main drivers in shaping the gut microbiota across the life time. Intestinal bacteria play a crucial role in maintaining immune and metabolic homeostasis and protecting against pathogens. Altered gut bacterial composition (dysbiosis) has been associated with the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases and infections. The interpretation of these studies relies on a better understanding of inter-individual variations, heterogeneity of bacterial communities along and across the GI tract, functional redundancy and the need to distinguish cause from effect in states of dysbiosis. This review summarises our current understanding of the development and composition of the human GI microbiota, and its impact on gut integrity and host health, underlying the need for mechanistic studies focusing on host–microbe interactions.