Sublethal effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenza brevis on marine copepod behavior
Sublethal effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Karenza brevis on marine copepod behavior
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DOI：
10.1093/plankt/fbm016
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Forward, Richard B., Jr.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen, Jonathan H.;Tester, Patricia A.;Forward, Richard B., Jr.
除了放牧相互作用外，关于短凯伦藻细胞对桡足类行为的亚致死效应知之甚少。brevis细胞和brevetoxins（PbTx-2），建立桡足类Acartia tonsa，Temora turbinata和Centropages typicus的毒性途径。随后的行为实验确定了桡足类的游泳和光行为是否在亚致死K。brevis和PbTx-2水平。桡足类捕食有毒的K.在水华浓度下，短甲藻和无毒的最小原甲藻。虽然桡足类积累短毒素，但只有在最高试验浓度（1 × 10（7）K）下才观察到明显的死亡率。brevis细胞L-1）。松细蜱表现出最小的亚致死行为影响。但对三角形轮虫和小尾轮虫的游泳和光行为有显著影响。在试验的最低亚致死浓度（0. 15 μ g PbTx-2L-1，1 × 105K。brevis细胞L-1）。虽然生理失能可能改变了桡足类的行为，饥饿可能发挥了重要作用。这些数据表明K.短尾藻毒素和短尾藻毒素对桡足类行为的影响，预测浮游动物食草动物在藻类毒素营养转移中的作用需要了解特定物种的亚致死效应。
Apart from grazing interactions, little is known regarding the sublethal effects of Karenia brevis cells on copepod behavior We conducted grazing and mortality experiments with K. brevis cells and brevetoxins (PbTx-2), establishing routes of toxicity for the copepods Acartia tonsa, Temora turbinata and Centropages typicus. Subsequent behavioral experiments determined whether copepod swimming and photobehavior both behaviors involved in predator avoidance, were impaired at sublethal K. brevis and PbTx-2 levels. Copepods variably grazed toxic K. brevis and non-toxic Prorocentrum minimum at bloom concentrations. Although copepods accumulated brevetoxins, significant mortality was only observed in T turbinata at the highest test concentration (1 X 10(7) K. brevis cells L-1). Acartia tonsa exhibited minimal sublethal behavioral effects. However, there were significant effects on the swimming and photobehavior of T turbinata and C. typicus at the lowest sublethal concentrations tested (0. 15 mu g PbTx-2 L-1, I X 105 K. brevis cells L-1). Although physiological incapacitation may have altered copepod behavior, starvation likely played a major role as well. These data suggest that sublethal effects of K. brevis and brevetoxin on copepod behavior occur and predicting the role of zooplankton grazers in trophic transfer of algal toxins requires knowledge of species-specific sublethal effects.