Patent Citations - An Analysis of Quality Differences and Citing Practices in Hybrid Corn
Patent Citations - An Analysis of Quality Differences and Citing Practices in Hybrid Corn
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专利引证——杂交玉米品质差异分析及引证实践
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.2754341
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Rhode
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Petra Moser;Joerg Ohmstedt;P. Rhode
专利是创新数据的主要来源，但人们一直担心专利可能是一种噪音和偏见的衡量标准。一个重要的挑战来自于专利所涵盖的发明步骤大小的不可察觉的变化。引用一项专利为相关现有技术的后来专利的数量--即所谓的转发引文--已成为控制这种变异的标准措施。然而，引用也可能是衡量创造性步骤大小的嘈杂和有偏见的衡量标准。为了解决这个问题，本文研究了杂交玉米专利改良的田间试验数据。田间试验报告了杂交玉米改良的客观措施，我们使用这些措施来量化这一创造性步骤的大小。这些数据表明，作为杂交玉米改良的底线指标，引文与产量提高之间存在着很强的相关性。这种相关性对杂交玉米改良的替代措施和广泛的其他测试是强有力的。我们还调查了专利产生引用的过程。这一分析表明，作为遗传相关后续发明的投入的杂交产品更有可能收到(来自同一家公司的)自我引用，这表明自我引用是后续发明的一个很好的预测指标。
Patents are the main source of data on innovation, but there are persistent concerns that patents may be a noisy and biased measure. An important challenge arises from unobservable variation in the size of the inventive step that is covered by a patent. The count of later patents that cite a patent as relevant prior art – so called forward citations – have become the standard measure to control for such variation. Citations may, however, also be a noisy and biased measure for the size of the inventive step. To address this issue, this paper examines field trial data for patented improvements in hybrid corn. Field trials report objective measures for improvements in hybrid corn, which we use to quantify the size of the inventive step. These data show a robust correlation between citations and improvements in yields, as the bottom line measure for improvements in hybrid corn. This correlation is robust to alternative measures for improvements in hybrid corn, and a broad range of other tests.We also investigate the process, by which patents generate citations. This analysis reveals that hybrids that serve as an input for genetically-related follow-on inventions are more likely to receive self-citations (by the same firm), which suggests that self-citations are a good predictor for follow-on invention.
DOI：
10.1287/mnsc.1090.1069
发表时间：
2005-10
期刊：
Intellectual Property Law eJournal
影响因子：
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作者：
D. Harhoff;Stefan Wagner
通讯作者：
D. Harhoff;Stefan Wagner