Gene flow across linguistic boundaries in Native North American populations
Gene flow across linguistic boundaries in Native North American populations
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0409301102
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Long, JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hunley, K;Long, JC
文化和语言群体通常被认为代表遗传群体。在这篇文章中，我们测试了一个假设，即J. Greenberg提出的语言等级分类[（1987）美洲语言（斯坦福大学大学出版社，斯坦福大学，加利福尼亚州）]也代表了北美土著人口的遗传结构。遗传数据是从文献来源和公共数据库中收集的17个种群的mtDNA序列。这个假设被否定了。进一步的分析表明，遗传结构与语言分类的偏离是普遍存在的，而不是由于离群人口或有问题的语言群体。因此，格林伯格的语言群体充其量只是这些人群遗传结构的一个不完美的近似。此外，我们发现，这些北美原住民群体的遗传结构显着偏离最佳拟合的层次模型。线粒体DNA单倍型的中值连接网络分析为跨语言边界的基因流动提供了强有力的证据。原则上，一个群体的语言可以比其基因更快地被取代，因为语言可以从父母垂直地传给孩子，也可以在不相关的人之间水平地传播。然而，语言是文化复合体的一部分，在基因可以自由流动的情况下，可能会有强大的压力来维持一种语言。
Cultural and linguistic groups are often expected to represent genetic populations. In this article, we tested the hypothesis that the hierarchical classification of languages proposed by J. Greenberg [(1987) Language in the Americas (Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, CA)] also represents the genetic structure of Native North American populations. The genetic data are mtDNA sequences for 17 populations gleaned from literature sources and public databases. The hypothesis was rejected. Further analysis showed that departure of the genetic structure from the linguistic classification was pervasive and not due to an outlier population or a problematic language group. Therefore, Greenberg's language groups are at best an imperfect approximation to the genetic structure of these populations. Moreover, we show that the genetic structure among these Native North American populations departs significantly from the best-fitting hierarchical models. Analysis of median joining networks for mtDNA haplotypes provides strong evidence for gene flow across linguistic boundaries. in principle, the language of a population can be replaced more rapidly than its genes because language can be transmitted both vertically from parents to children and horizontally between unrelated people. However, languages are part of a cultural complex, and there may be strong pressure to maintain a language in place whereas genes are free to flow.