A New Methodology to Assess Building Integrated Roof Top Photovoltaic Installations at City Scales: The Tropical Coastal City Case
A New Methodology to Assess Building Integrated Roof Top Photovoltaic Installations at City Scales: The Tropical Coastal City Case
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DOI：
10.1115/1.4045347
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发表时间：
2020-02
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Pokhrel;A. Walker;Jorge E. González
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作者：
R. Pokhrel;A. Walker;Jorge E. González
由于热带沿海地区温暖潮湿的气候，全年都有很高的能源需求，因为空调要保持室内舒适度。过去和现在的做法都侧重于通过使用高效的建筑围护结构技术、被动系统和需求侧管理策略来改善热平衡，从而减轻峰值冷却需求。在这项研究中，我们探索了城市规模的太阳能光伏（PV）规划，整合了气候、建筑参数、能源模型和电力系统性能等信息，并为波多黎各热带沿海城市圣胡安带来了额外的好处。正常屋面、平装屋面和倾斜屋面的能量平衡用于确定光伏发电量、空气温度和屋面表面温度。为了将应用范围扩大到整个城市，我们使用了具有建筑效果参数化（BEP）和建筑能量模型（BEM）的天气研究与预报（WRF）模型的城市化版本。城市拓扑由世界城市数据库访问门户工具（WUDAPT）表示，城市景观的当地气候带（lcz）。在正常屋顶条件下，模拟的峰值屋顶温度最大，在倾斜光伏安装在屋顶时，模拟的峰值屋顶温度最小。紧随其后的是城市化WRF对建筑空调（AC）的需求，对普通屋顶的需求最大，对倾斜屋顶安装的光伏的需求最小。与普通屋顶相比，水平和倾斜光伏屋顶的白天城市热岛（UHI）减少，水平光伏屋顶的夜间城市热岛（UHI）增加。进一步分析了整个大都市地区的交流需求和光伏产量之间的比例，紧凑的低层建筑和开放式低层建筑由于屋顶面积足够而达到20%，而紧凑的高层建筑和紧凑的中层建筑分别达到近100%。
As a consequence of the warm and humid climate of tropical coastal regions, there is high energy demand year-round due to air conditioning to maintain indoor comfort levels. Past and current practices are focused on mitigating peak cooling demands by improving heat balances by using efficient building envelope technologies, passive systems, and demand side management strategies. In this study, we explore city-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) planning integrating information on climate, building parameters and energy models, and electrical system performance, with added benefits for the tropical coastal city of San Juan, Puerto Rico. Energy balance on normal roof, flush-mounted PV roof, and tilted PV roof are used to determine PV power generation, air, and roof surface temperatures. To scale up the application to the whole city, we use the urbanized version of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model with the building effect parameterization (BEP) and the building energy model (BEM). The city topology is represented by the World Urban Database Access Portal Tool (WUDAPT), local climate zones (LCZs) for urban landscapes. The modeled peak roof temperature is maximum for normal roof conditions and minimum when inclined PV is installed on a roof. These trends are followed by the building air conditioning (AC) demand from urbanized WRF, maximum for normal roof and minimum for inclined roof-mounted PV. The net result is a reduced daytime Urban Heat Island (UHI) for horizontal and inclined PV roof and increased nighttime UHI for the horizontal PV roof as compared with the normal roof. The ratio between coincident AC demand and PV production for the entire metropolitan region is further analyzed reaching 20% for compact low rise and open low rise buildings due to adequate roof area but reaches almost 100% for compact high rise and compact midrise buildings class, respectively.