Negative social evaluation, but not mere social presence, elicits cortisol responses to a laboratory stressor task
Negative social evaluation, but not mere social presence, elicits cortisol responses to a laboratory stressor task
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-6133.27.1.116
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Zaldivar, Frank
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dickerson, Sally S.;Mycek, Peggy J.;Zaldivar, Frank
背景：最近的研究支持这样一个假设，即以社会评价威胁为特征的表现条件与皮质醇反应有关，在这种威胁中，自我的某一方面可以被他人判断。然而，目前还不清楚这种影响是由于负面的社会评价本身，还是仅仅是因为在绩效情况下另一个人的存在。方法。在本研究中，89名本科生在三种情况下进行了演讲：在评价性听众小组面前(社会-评价性威胁[SET])，在心不在焉的同盟者面前(PRES)，或单独在房间里(Non-Set)。结果：与假设一致，SET条件下的参与者表现出显著的皮质醇反应，而那些在非SET和PRES条件下的参与者没有表现出这种激素的增加。此外，在设定的条件下，报告任务后自我意识认知和情绪水平更高的参与者皮质醇的增幅最大。结论：这些发现表明，在社会评价威胁下观察到的皮质醇变化并不是仅仅是他人的社交存在推动的；相反，明确的负面社会评价可能是这一与健康相关的生理参数增加的原因。
Background: Recent research has supported the premise that performance conditions characterized by social-evaluative threat, in which an aspect of the self could be judged by others, are associated with cortisol responses. However, it remains unclear whether this effect is due to negative social evaluation per se or simply the presence of another during a performance situation. Method. In the present study, 89 undergraduates delivered a speech in I of 3 conditions: in front of an evaluative audience panel (social-evaluative threat [SET]), in the presence of an inattentive confederate (PRES), or alone in a room (non-SET). Results: Consistent with hypotheses, participants in the SET condition demonstrated a significant cortisol response, while those in the non-SET and PRES conditions did not show increases in this hormone. Further, participants in the SET condition who reported greater posttask levels of self-conscious cognitions and emotions demonstrated the greatest increases in cortisol. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the mere social presence of others is not driving the changes in cortisol observed under social-evaluative threat; instead, explicit negative social evaluation may be responsible for increases in this health-relevant physiological parameter.