SPECIATION IN AMAZONIAN FOREST BIRDS
SPECIATION IN AMAZONIAN FOREST BIRDS
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DOI：
10.1126/science.165.3889.131
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发表时间：
1969-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
HAFFER, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HAFFER, J
世界上最丰富的森林动物群位于南美洲中部的热带低地。这一动物群栖息在从西部的安第斯山脉底部到东部的大西洋海岸的广阔的亚马逊森林中，其范围分别延伸到亚马逊山谷的北部和南部，直到圭亚那和巴西地盾（图1）。在这里，我提出了一个历史的解释亚马逊森林鸟类动物群的巨大变化，假设在更新世和后更新世的几个干燥的气候时期，亚马逊森林被分成许多较小的森林，这些森林被大片的开放，非森林植被相互隔离。其余的森林成为许多森林动物的”避难所”，这些动物在地理隔离期间彼此偏离。在潮湿的气候时期，当中间的开阔地带再次被森林覆盖时，孤立的森林再次联合在一起，这使得该地区的人口扩大了他们的范围。这种亚马逊河流域各种森林的断裂和重新连接可能在第四纪期间重复了几次，并导致了亚马逊河流域森林动物群在地质学上的近代快速分化。
The richest forest fauna of the world is found in the tropical lowlands of central South America. This fauna inhabits the vast Amazonian forests from the base of the Andes in the west to the Atlantic coast in the east, and its range extends far to the north and south of the Amazon valley onto the Guianan and Brazilian shields, respectively (Fig. 1). Here I propose a historical explanation of the immense variety of the Amazonian forest bird fauna, postulating that, during several dry climatic periods of the Pleistocene and post-Pleistocene, the Amazonian forest was divided into a number of smaller forests which were isolated from each other by tracts of open, nonforest vegetation. The remaining forests served as" refuge areas" for numerous populations of forest animals, which deviated from one another during periods of geographic isolation. The isolated forests were again united during humid climatic periods when the intervening open country became once more forest-covered, permiting the refuge-area populations to extend their ranges. This rupturing and rejoining of the various forests in Amazonia probably was repeated several times during the Quaternary and led to a rapid differentiation of the Amazonian forest fauna in geologically very recent times.