From habitual sleep hours to morbidity and mortality: existing evidence, potential mechanisms, and future agenda
From habitual sleep hours to morbidity and mortality: existing evidence, potential mechanisms, and future agenda
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DOI：
10.1016/j.sleh.2016.01.006
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Hossin, Muhammad Zakir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hossin, Muhammad Zakir
流行病学研究一致表明，睡眠时间和健康结果之间存在强烈的U形关联。也就是说，短睡眠者和长睡眠者都比正常长度睡眠者面临更大的死亡和疾病风险。此外，长时间睡眠通常被证明是比短时间睡眠更强的死亡率预测因素。虽然有一些实验证据支持睡眠不足和健康之间的因果关系，但没有这样的证据来解释为什么睡眠过多可能与健康状况不佳有关。一种可能的解释是，长时间睡眠不是疾病的真实的原因，而只是睡眠质量差的一个标志，或者是一些无法测量的风险因素，这些因素混淆了长时间习惯性睡眠与死亡率和其他健康结果的关联。至于短时间睡眠，据说这种影响是通过改变葡萄糖代谢和食欲调节的激素以及通过导致心率和血压增加的压力系统的过度活动来介导的。然而，这些机制仍然知之甚少，未来的研究应该考虑睡眠质量，客观和纵向的睡眠测量，更多的混淆偏见，以及影响睡眠时间和质量的广泛社会背景。(C)2016全国睡眠基金会。爱思唯尔公司出版All rights reserved.
Epidemiological studies consistently show a strong U-shaped association between sleep duration and health outcomes. That is, both short and long sleepers are exposed to greater risks of death and diseases than normal length sleepers. Moreover, long sleep is often demonstrated as a stronger predictor of mortality than short sleep. While there is some experimental evidence in favor of a causal connection between short sleep and health, no such evidence exists to explain why excessive sleep might be associated with poor health. One possible explanation is that long duration sleep, instead of being a real cause of illness, is merely a marker of poor sleep quality or some unmeasured risk factor that confounds the association of long habitual sleep with mortality and other health outcomes. As for short sleep, the effect is said to be mediated via the hormones that alters glucose metabolism and appetite regulation as well as via an overactivity of the stress systems that causes increased heart rate and blood pressure. The mechanisms, however, are still poorly understood and future investigations should take into account sleep quality, objective and longitudinal sleep measures, more confounding biases, and the broad social context that influences the length and quality of sleep. (C) 2016 National Sleep Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.