Evolutionary dynamics of culturally transmitted, fertility-reducing traits

Evolutionary dynamics of culturally transmitted, fertility-reducing traits
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文化传播、生育力降低特征的进化动态

DOI:
10.1101/619882
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Komarova, Natalia L
Komarova, Natalia L
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wodarz, Dominik;Stipp, Shaun;Hirshleifer, David;Komarova, Natalia L

文献摘要

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相似文献

许多国家的人口都经历了一个人口结构转型阶段,其特点是在资源增加的同时生育率大幅下降。一个关键的典型事实是,生育率下降之前,死亡率下降,人口密度随之增加。人们提出了各种理论来解释人口转变过程,包括适应不良、父母对更少后代的投资增加和文化进化。所有这些方法,包括人口结构转型的正式文化演变模型,都没有涉及死亡率下降与随后生育率下降之间可能存在的直接因果关系。我们提供了数学模型,其中低死亡率有利于低生育力性状的文化选择。这是因为死亡率的降低减缓了模型中的周转,这使得低生育力性状的文化传播优势超过了它们的生殖劣势。对于死亡率是一个关键的决定因素的结果,一个文化传播的偏见是必要的,在缓慢的繁殖者施加更高的社会影响。我们的模型允许死亡率的外生变化,计算机模拟可以再现人口结构转型过程的核心特征,包括生育率在一到三代人内的大幅下降。一个假设通过模仿错误不断演变生殖率的模型预测,如果死亡率足够低,生育率将下降到更替水平以下。这可能解释了西欧家庭规模非常低的原因。
Human populations in many countries have undergone a phase of demographic transition, characterized by a major reduction in fertility at a time of increased resource availability. A key stylized fact is that the reduction in fertility is preceded by a reduction in mortality and a consequent increase in population density. Various theories have been proposed to account for the demographic transition process, including maladaptation, increased parental investment in fewer offspring, and cultural evolution. None of these approaches, including formal cultural evolutionary models of the demographic transitions, have addressed a possible direct causal relationship between a reduction in mortality and the subsequent decline in fertility. We provide mathematical models in whichlow mortalityfavours the cultural selection of low-fertility traits. This occurs because reduced mortality slows turnover in the model, which allows the cultural transmission advantage of low-fertility traits to outrace their reproductive disadvantage. For mortality to be a crucial determinant of outcome, a cultural transmission bias is required where slow reproducers exert higher social influence. Computer simulations of our models that allow for exogenous variation in the death rate can reproduce the central features of the demographic transition process, including substantial reductions in fertility within only one to three generations. A model assuming continuous evolution of reproduction rates through imitation errors predicts fertility to fall below replacement levels if death rates are sufficiently low. This can potentially explain the very low preferred family sizes in Western Europe.
DOI: --
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