Total Solar Eclipse Observations: A Treasure Trove from the Source and Acceleration Regions of the Solar Wind

Total Solar Eclipse Observations: A Treasure Trove from the Source and Acceleration Regions of the Solar Wind
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日全食观测:太阳风源头和加速区的宝库

DOI:
10.1088/1742-6596/1620/1/012006
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Rifai Habbal, Shadia
Rifai Habbal, Shadia
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rifai Habbal, Shadia

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全面探索内日冕,即从太阳表面开始到几个太阳半径的空间跨度,对于研究其静态和动态的物理过程至关重要。这种探索包括太阳风的来源区域,因此对于可靠地建立其与现场测量的联系至关重要,包括最近的帕克太阳探测器使命的测量。日全食是目前满足这些要求的唯一平台,因为它们通过多波长成像和光谱学提供了对内日冕的空间不间断诊断。这篇评论强调了近二十年来日食观测的结果。特别强调的是发现日冕结构的复杂性,特别是在太阳风的源区域,直接连接到双折射。复杂的结构包括波和等离子体不稳定性的不同表现。在日冕发射线成像产生的唯一的诊断工具,已知的日期,为经验推断的重离子的冻结距离。成像还可以绘制内日冕中的电子温度,以及它对日冕物质抛射(CME)的响应变化。此外,光谱观测揭示了与CME相关的冷日珥物质,一前一后地,毫发无损地进入行星际空间。因此,日全食期间的多波长成像和光谱学从太阳风的来源和加速区域中产生了一个宝库,这需要继续开发,以寻找日冕加热和太阳风加速过程的特征。
A comprehensive exploration of the inner corona, namely the spatial span starting from the solar surface out to a few solar radii, is essential for investigating the physical processes responsible for its quiescent and dynamic state. Such an exploration encompasses the source regions of the solar wind, and is thus essential for reliably establishing their link to in-situ measurements, including those from the more recent Parker Solar Probe mission. Total solar eclipses are the only platform available at present to fulfill these requirements, as they offer a spatially uninterrupted diagnosis of the inner corona through multi-wavelength imaging and spectroscopy. This review highlights results from almost two decades of eclipse observations. Particular emphasis is placed on the discovery of the complexity of coronal structures, in particular at the source regions of the solar wind, directly connected to prominences. Complex structures include different manifestations of waves and plasma instabilities. Imaging in coronal emission lines yields the only diagnostic tool, known to date, for the empirical inference of the freeze-in distance of heavy ions. Imaging also enables the mapping of the electron temperature in the inner corona, and its changes in response to the passage of a coronal mass ejection (CME). Furthermore, spectroscopic observations reveal that cool prominence material associated with a CME, travels in tandem, unscathed, into interplanetary space. Multi-wavelength imaging and spectroscopy during total solar eclipses thus yield a treasure trove from the sources and acceleration regions of the solar wind, which beg continued exploitation in search of signatures of coronal heating and solar wind acceleration processes.
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