Executive functions in the evaluation of accident risk of older drivers
Executive functions in the evaluation of accident risk of older drivers
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DOI：
10.1076/jcen.24.2.221.993
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Frigon, JY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daigneault, G;Joly, P;Frigon, JY
这些研究的主要目的是分析两组老年男性司机（65岁或以上）在驾驶态度和能力方面的差异，其中一组是无事故的，另一组在过去5年内发生过3次或以上事故。第一项研究比较了90名无事故的老年司机和90名有事故史的司机的驾驶习惯。第二项研究，对最初180名受试者中的60名（30名无事故，30名有事故）进行了一个亚组，比较了认知功能，特别强调了通过神经心理学测试测量的执行功能，以及态度和自我报告的驾驶行为。结果显示，与对照组相比，有事故史的老年驾驶员：（1）在执行功能的四个认知测量方面表现较差;（2）报告在道路上有更谨慎的行为（例如，（3）有意采取风险较低的驾驶行为。这项研究表明，一个亚组的老年司机人口有认知问题和驾驶残疾，不能弥补明显更小心的行为在道路上。研究结果证实了正确评估认知过程的重要性，并强调了测量执行功能对老年人驾驶能力评价的潜力。
The main objective of these studies was to analyse the difference in driving attitude and aptitude, between two groups of elderly male drivers (65 years or more), one being accident-free and the second having three accidents or more in the last 5 years. The first study compared the driving habits of 90 older accident-free drivers with 90 drivers having a history of accidents. The second study, on a subgroup of 60 of the original 180 subjects (30 accident-free and 30 having accidents), compared cognitive function, with particular emphasis on executive functions as measured by neuropsychological tests, and attitude and self-reported driving behaviour. The results show that elderly drivers having a history of accidents, compared to the control group: (1) have poorer performance on the four cognitive measurements of executive functions; (2) report to have more prudent behaviour on the road (e.g., reducing their speed); and (3) have the intention to adopt less risky driving behaviour. This study suggests that a subgroup of the older driver population has cognitive problems and driving disabilities that cannot be compensated by apparently more careful behaviour on the road. The results confirm the importance of proper assessment of cognitive processes and underscore the potential of measuring executive functions for the evaluation of driving competence of elderly persons.