Immune Responses and Performance Are Influenced by Respiratory Vaccine Antigen Type and Stress in Beef Calves
Immune Responses and Performance Are Influenced by Respiratory Vaccine Antigen Type and Stress in Beef Calves
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DOI：
10.3390/ani10071119
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发表时间：
2020-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Richeson, John T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hudson, Rachel E.;Tomczak, Dexter J.;Richeson, John T.
简单总结由于导致应激反应的因素很多，确定生理应激和疫苗接种类型对牛的生产性能和免疫反应的影响可能是一项艰巨的任务。尽管如此，定义由到达饲养场后接种疫苗后的应激反应引起的变化对于改善饲养场行业的疫苗接种实践至关重要。利用当前行业实践诱导的应激源的应激模型来模拟“高风险”牛的情况，我们发现，与对照组相比，接种灭活或改性活病毒疫苗诱导了经历行业应激源的牛的免疫应答改变。此外，应激牛和接受改良活疫苗接种的牛的性能变量也发生了变化。我们建议饲养场行业在对“高风险”或慢性应激牛实施疫苗方案时考虑这些结果。研究目的是确定断奶和运输应激联合模型是否影响肉牛对改良活病毒（MLV）或灭活病毒（KV）呼吸道疫苗接种的性能、抗体、内分泌或血液学反应。总共有48头小牛（第0天BW = 226 +/- 6.2 kg）用于2 x 2析因分析，以评价应激模型、疫苗类型及其相互作用的主要效应，得到4种处理（n= 12/处理），包括非强制降解对照（C）与KV（CKV）、C与MLV（CMLV）、强制降解模型实施（S）与KV（SKV）和S与MLV（SMLV）。C小牛于第-37天在原产地牧场断奶，并于第-21天运输472 km至研究中心以适应环境。S小牛在第-3天断奶，在第-2天运输460 km至研究机构，过夜，并在第-1天运输164 km至研究中心，以模拟肉牛销售过程。第0天接种疫苗，第14天再次接种KV。动物为实验单位，使用PROC MIXED分析因变量，重复测量（天）。从第0天至第7天，在C组中存在应激模型效应（p= 0.01），与S组相比，C组的耐受性更高（6.19 vs 4.64 kg/天）。与KV相比，MLV组从第0天至第56天的ADG降低（p= 0.05）。疫苗类型x天（P< 0.01）与增加（P< 0.01）之间存在交互作用。
Simple Summary Determining effects of physiological stress and vaccination type on performance and immune responses in cattle can be a difficult task due to the many factors that contribute to the stress response. Nonetheless, defining alterations caused by the stress response after vaccination upon feedlot arrival is vital in improving vaccination practices in the feedlot industry. Utilizing a stress model with stressors induced by current industry practices to mimic a "high-risk" cattle situation, we found that vaccination with a killed or modified-live virus vaccine induces altered immune responses in cattle that underwent industry stressors when compared to a control group. In addition, performance variables were altered in stressed cattle and those that received modified-live vaccination. We propose the feedlot industry consider these results when implementing a vaccine protocol in "high risk", or chronically stressed, cattle during arrival processing. The study objective was to determine if a combined weaning and transportation stress model affected performance, antibody, endocrine, or hematological responses to modified-live virus (MLV) or killed virus (KV) respiratory vaccination in beef steers. In total, 48 calves (Day 0 BW = 226 +/- 6.2 kg) from a single origin were used in a 2 x 2 factorial to evaluate main effects of stress model, vaccine type, and their interaction, resulting in four treatments (n= 12/treatment) including non-stress control (C) with KV (CKV), C with MLV (CMLV), stress model implementation (S) with KV (SKV), and S with MLV (SMLV). The C calves were weaned at the origin ranch on Day -37 and transported 472 km to the study site on Day -21 to allow acclimation. The S calves were weaned on Day -3, transported 460 km to a research facility on Day -2, held overnight, and transported 164 km to the study site on Day -1 to mimic the beef cattle marketing process. Vaccines were administered on Day 0 and KV was revaccinated on Day 14. The animal was the experimental unit and dependent variables were analyzed using PROC MIXED with repeated measures (day). A stress model effect (p= 0.01) existed for DMI from Day 0 to Day 7 with greater DMI for C (6.19 vs. 4.64 kg/day) when compared to S. The MLV groups had reduced (p= 0.05) ADG from Day 0 to Day 56, compared to KV. There was a vaccine type x day (p< 0.01) interaction with increased (p