Implications of multi-scale sea level and climate variability for coastal resources
Implications of multi-scale sea level and climate variability for coastal resources
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DOI：
10.1007/s10113-013-0408-8
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发表时间：
2013-02
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
C. Karamperidou;V. Engel;Upmanu Lall;E. Stabenau;T. J. Smith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Karamperidou;V. Engel;Upmanu Lall;E. Stabenau;T. J. Smith
虽然对区域海平面的长期变化及其对沿海地区管理的影响进行了广泛的研究，但对海平面的自然波动关注较少，海平面的自然波动与较高的平均海平面的相互作用可能对诸如湿地等低洼地区产生重大影响。本文从长期趋势和多尺度海平面变化两方面研究了佛罗里达基韦斯特海平面的长期记录。这一分析随后被用于探讨对沼泽地国家公园（Everglades National Park， ENP）的影响，该公园因其生态意义而得到国际认可，是世界上最大的湿地恢复项目的所在地。非常浅的地形梯度（每公里3-6厘米）使该地区容易受到海平面微小变化的影响。ENP监测网络对地表水位的观测既显示了长期趋势，也显示了基韦斯特记录中观测到的年际至（多）年代际变化。ENP内四个长期监测站记录的水位上升趋势与基韦斯特的长期趋势大致相等或更大。时域和频域分析突出了厄尔Niño/南方涛动和北大西洋涛动（NAO）等气候机制对基韦斯特海平面和沼泽水位的潜在影响，以及北大西洋海面温度背景状态对其影响的潜在调节。特别是，基韦斯特海平面与NAO指数呈正相关，而这两个序列在向冷大西洋多年代际涛动（AMO）过渡期间表现出较高的频谱功率。基韦斯特海平面与NINO3指数之间的相关性与AMO相位的反转一致。环境保护区内的水位亦受降水及从公园北部边界释放的淡水影响。需要对这些湿地的气候变率和气候变化进行分析，以便为世界各地沿海湿地区的管理实践提供信息。
While secular changes in regional sea levels and their implications for coastal zone management have been studied extensively, less attention is being paid to natural fluctuations in sea levels, whose interaction with a higher mean level could have significant impacts on low-lying areas, such as wetlands. Here, the long record of sea level at Key West, FL is studied in terms of both the secular trend and the multi-scale sea level variations. This analysis is then used to explore implications for the Everglades National Park (ENP), which is recognized internationally for its ecological significance, and is the site of the largest wetland restoration project in the world. Very shallow topographic gradients (3–6 cm per km) make the region susceptible to small changes in sea level. Observations of surface water levels from a monitoring network within ENP exhibit both the long-term trends and the interannual-to-(multi)decadal variability that are observed in the Key West record. Water levels recorded at four long-term monitoring stations within ENP exhibit increasing trends approximately equal to or larger than the long-term trend at Key West. Time- and frequency-domain analyses highlight the potential influence of climate mechanisms, such as the El Niño/Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), on Key West sea levels and marsh water levels, and the potential modulation of their influence by the background state of the North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures. In particular, the Key West sea levels are found to be positively correlated with the NAO index, while the two series exhibit high spectral power during the transition to a cold Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The correlation between the Key West sea levels and the NINO3 Index reverses its sign in coincidence with a reversal of the AMO phase. Water levels in ENP are also influenced by precipitation and freshwater releases from the northern boundary of the Park. The analysis of both climate variability and climate change in such wetlands is needed to inform management practices in coastal wetland zones around the world.