Men, Women, and Machines: How Trade Impacts Gender Inequality
Men, Women, and Machines: How Trade Impacts Gender Inequality
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男人、女人和机器：贸易如何影响性别不平等
DOI：
10.1016/j.jdeveco.2013.09.009
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Carolina Villegas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chinhui Juhn;Gergely Ujhelyi;Carolina Villegas
本文研究了贸易自由化对工资不平等的一个未被充分探讨的方面--性别不平等的影响。我们考虑一个模型，企业在他们的生产力和工人的技能以及性别的差异。关税的降低促使更多的生产性公司实现技术现代化，进入出口市场。新技术涉及计算机化的生产过程，降低了对体力要求高的技能的需求。因此，妇女在蓝领工作中的相对工资和就业有所改善，但在白领工作中没有改善。我们测试我们的模型使用一个小组的建立水平的数据，从墨西哥利用与北美自由贸易协定（NAFTA）相关的关税减免。与我们的理论相一致，我们发现，关税降低导致新的公司进入出口市场，更新他们的技术，并取代男性蓝领工人与女性蓝领工人。
This paper studies the effect of trade liberalization on an under-explored aspect of wage inequality — gender inequality. We consider a model where firms differ in their productivity and workers are differentiated by skill as well as gender. A reduction in tariffs induces more productive firms to modernize their technology and enter the export market. New technologies involve computerized production processes and lower the need for physically demanding skills. As a result, the relative wage and employment of women improves in blue-collar tasks, but not in white-collar tasks. We test our model using a panel of establishment level data from Mexico exploiting tariff reductions associated with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Consistent with our theory we find that tariff reductions caused new firms to enter the export market, update their technology and replace male blue-collar workers with female blue-collar workers.