Developmental emergence of holistic processing in word recognition.
Developmental emergence of holistic processing in word recognition.
复制标题
单词识别中整体处理的发展出现。
DOI：
10.1111/desc.13372
复制
发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Behrmann,Marlene
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nischal,RoshniPushpa;Behrmann,Marlene
面孔的整体加工是指对面孔各部分及其相互关系的强制性的、同时性的加工，它是在发展过程中形成的。HP表现为对倒立面孔和直立面孔的感知能力下降，以及当部位之间的关系受到干扰时，面孔处理能力下降。在这里，采用HP框架的面孔，我们研究了HP的发展出现在另一个领域，人类成年人的专业知识，即视觉文字处理。儿童，青少年和成年人进行了词汇决策任务，我们使用了两个既定的签名HP的面孔：优势的感知直立倒字和nonwords和敏感性降低，增加部分（词的长度）。相对于其他组，儿童表现出直立与倒置试验的优势较少，词汇决定更多地受到单词长度增加的影响。这些HP指数的表现与年龄和阅读熟练程度密切相关。此外，出现的HP字知觉是不是简单的结果，改善视觉知觉的发展过程中，没有组间差异，观察对象的决策任务。这些结果揭示了拼写输入的HP的发展出现，并反映了视知觉的经验依赖性调节的进一步实例。这些结果也增加了现有的关于单词和面部识别机制共性的发现。研究重点与青少年和成人相比，儿童在直立与倒立试验中的优势较小。相对于其他群体，词汇长度的增加对儿童词汇判断的影响更大。整体加工能力指数与年龄和阅读熟练度密切相关。2由于在物体判断任务上没有组间差异，因此单词感知的HP出现不是由于视觉感知的改善。
Holistic processing (HP) of faces refers to the obligatory, simultaneous processing of the parts and their relations, and it emerges over the course of development. HP is manifest in a decrement in the perception of inverted versus upright faces and a reduction in face processing ability when the relations between parts are perturbed. Here, adopting the HP framework for faces, we examined the developmental emergence of HP in another domain for which human adults have expertise, namely, visual word processing. Children, adolescents, and adults performed a lexical decision task and we used two established signatures of HP for faces: the advantage in perception of upright over inverted words and nonwords and the reduced sensitivity to increasing parts (word length). Relative to the other groups, children showed less of an advantage for upright versus inverted trials and lexical decision was more affected by increasing word length. Performance on these HP indices was strongly associated with age and with reading proficiency. Also, the emergence of HP for word perception was not simply a result of improved visual perception over the course of development as no group differences were observed on an object decision task. These results reveal the developmental emergence of HP for orthographic input, and reflect a further instance of experience‐dependent tuning of visual perception. These results also add to existing findings on the commonalities of mechanisms of word and face recognition.Research HighlightsChildren showed less of an advantage for upright versus inverted trials compared to adolescents and adults.Relative to the other groups, lexical decision in children was more affected by increasing word length.Performance on holistic processing (HP) indices was strongly associated with age and with reading proficiency.HP emergence for word perception was not due to improved visual perception over development as there were no group differences on an object decision task.