On Face-Work An Analysis of Ritual Elements in Social Interaction
On Face-Work An Analysis of Ritual Elements in Social Interaction
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DOI：
10.1080/00332747.1955.11023008
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发表时间：
1955-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Goffman, Erving
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goffman, Erving
每个人都生活在一个社交接触的世界里，与其他参与者面对面或通过中介进行接触。在每一次接触中，他倾向于表现出一种有时被称为“线条”的行为，即一种语言和非语言行为的模式，他通过这种方式表达他对情境的看法，并通过这种方式对参与者，尤其是他自己的评价。不管一个人是否打算采取行动，他都会发现他实际上已经这样做了。其他参与者会认为他或多或少是故意表明立场的，因此，如果他要处理他们对他的反应，他就必须考虑到他们可能对他形成的印象。“面子”一词可以定义为一个人通过他人认为他在某一特定接触中所采取的方式有效地为自己主张的积极的社会价值。脸是一种被认可的社会属性所描绘的自我形象——尽管这是一种其他人可能会分享的形象，就像一个人通过表现自己来表现自己的职业或宗教一样。
EVERY PERSON lives in a world of social encounters, involving him either in face-to-face or mediated contact with other participants. In each of these contacts, he tends to act out what is sometimes called a line-that is, a pattern of verbal and nonverbal acts by which he expresses his view of the situation and through this his evaluation of the participants, especially himself. Regardless of whether a person intends to take a line, he will find that he has done so in effect. The other participants will assume that he has more or less willfully taken a stand, so that if he is to deal with their response to him he must take into consideration the impression they have possibly formed of him.The term face may be defined as the positive social value a person effectively claims for himself by the line others assume he has taken during a particular contact. 1 Face is an image of self delineated in terms of approved social attributes-albeit an image that others may share, as when a person makes a good showing for his profession or religion by making a good showing for himself.