CONVERGING IN PROBLEM FORMULATION : A DIFFERENT PATH IN DESIGN
CONVERGING IN PROBLEM FORMULATION : A DIFFERENT PATH IN DESIGN
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问题表述的融合：设计的不同路径
DOI：
10.1115/detc2002/dtm-34025
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dmitry Kucharavy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Cavallucci;P. Lutz;Dmitry Kucharavy
当今公司设计流程的效率在很大程度上取决于项目团队成员的技能、市场上可用软件的能力以及分散在工业世界的工具和方法所提供的任何帮助。在这种情况下，已经有无数的尝试，以优化不同阶段的设计过程中使用计算机化，但越来越多的比例目前的研究工作的设计往往同意，在设计行为的关键点在于阶段，创造性的想法是寻求和没有这样的想法被产生，有没有成功的未来的产品。在大量研究活动的框架中，已经证明TRIZ（俄罗斯发明问题解决理论的首字母缩写）对设计科学的贡献具有很大的潜力[1-2-3-4]。另一方面，由于各种原因，TRIZ可以帮助的问题类型学的附加值和范围对于大多数研究人员来说仍然不清楚。最初，由于TRIZ理论已经渗透到所谓的西方世界，每个人都根据自己对设计、解决问题的过程、创造力或需求的了解，从TRIZ中吸取他认为正确的东西，忘记了95%的关于TRIZ基础的科学文献都是用西里尔文或未发表的手稿写的。在大多数情况下，这些众多的使用者没有看到TRIZ的最初想法是制定一个理论作为构建方法和工具的坚实基础，以满足设计师的期望。这一事实导致了TRIZ的形象，因为现有的文献对这个问题只提供案例研究和工具的使用（主要是矩阵），虽然TRIZ的范围更广泛。为了避免进一步恶化这一事实，本文旨在提出第一个公理描述TRIZ的目标，作为我们的研究活动的基础。然后提出了两种方法论的方法：“试错”型方法，这仍然是在工业中到处使用，其目的是探索一个领域的解决方案，通过一系列的尝试，这往往以失败告终，以下结构性的方法或没有。第二种方法是由TRIZ知识体系提出的“收敛”方法，并在我们的研究中心作为对设计活动效率的贡献而开发。这种方法的目的是在一个更大和更长的问题陈述阶段的研究范围限制收敛到少数的解决方案，在反对传统的方法，其中包括在产生大量的想法，并选择最合适的实施。还将介绍一个关于汽车内部通风的案例研究，以说明应用这种收敛方法时可以获得的结果的质量。
The efficiency of the design process in companies today is largely dependent on the skills of individual members of project teams, the capacity of the software available on the market and any assistance provided by the tools and methods found scattered around the industrial world. Within this context, there have been myriad attempts to optimize the different stages in the design process by using computerization, but a growing proportion of current research work on design tends to agree that the crucial point in the act of designing lies in the phase where inventive ideas are sought and that without such ideas being generated, there is no successful future for the product. In the framework of a large number of research activities it has been proven that the TRIZ (the Russian acronym of Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) contribution to the science of design has a promising potential [1–2–3–4]. On the other hand, the added value and spectrum of problem typology where TRIZ could help remains unclear for most researchers for various reasons. Originally, since the theory has penetrated the so-called occidental world, every individual took from TRIZ what he thought was right according to his own knowledge about design, problem solving process, creativity or needs forgetting that 95% of scientific literature about TRIZ’s fundamentals was written either in Cyrillic or in unpublished manuscripts. In most cases, theses multitudes of uses did not see that the original idea of TRIZ was to formulate a theory as strong basement for building methods and tools to satisfy designers expectations. This fact led nowadays TRIZ’s image to fuzziness since available literature on the subject only presents case studies and uses of tools (mostly the matrix) although TRIZ’s scope is much wider. To avoid further aggravation of this fact, this paper aims at presenting the first axiom describing TRIZ’s objectives as a basement for our research activities. Two methodological approaches are then presented : the “trial and error” type approach, which is still very much in use everywhere in industry and which aims to explore an area of solution-seeking, following a structural approach or not, through a series of attempts, which often end up in failure. The second approach is the “convergent” approach proposed by the TRIZ body of knowledge and developed as a contribution to design activity’s efficiency in our research center. This approach aims at limiting the sphere of research during a larger and longer problem statement stage to converge towards a small number of solutions in opposition to traditional approaches which consists in generating a large amount of ideas and select the best suitable ones to be implemented. A case study on the internal ventilation of a car will also be presented to illustrate the quality of the results that could be obtained when applying this convergent approach.Copyright © 2002 by ASME