Pollinator diversity and specialization in relation to flower diversity
Pollinator diversity and specialization in relation to flower diversity
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18450.x
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Bluethgen, Nico
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fruend, Jochen;Linsenmair, Karl Eduard;Bluethgen, Nico
面对全球生物多样性的下降，多样性与物种相互作用之间的关系值得特别关注。如果传粉者强烈依赖于花的多样性，由于相互专业化，植物多样性的下降，例如土地利用集约化，可能与传粉者的连锁排斥有关。然而，传粉者专业化的一般程度仍然知之甚少。为了探索当地蜜蜂和食蚜蝇群落对花卉多样性的依赖性，我们记录了德国南部27个具有不同花卉多样性的草地上的花卉供应和访花昆虫，并分析了（a）访花昆虫的多样性是否与花卉多样性相关，（B）访花者的饮食专门化程度是否随花的多样性而变化;以及（c）不同群落间访花者个体对花的偏好是恒定的还是可变的。花游客互动网站在一天内编写的每个草甸。这种方法可以防止传粉者物种的花，他们从来没有遇到，因为非重叠的物候或空间隔离。(a)花卉多样性与访花者多样性呈正相关。(b)花游客大会显着专门在一个相对较高的水平，对比的意见，植物传粉网络是高度概括，并提供了一个可能的解释的积极多样性相关性。然而，专业化的水平并没有改变显着的花多样性的梯度，这表明传粉者在每个草甸划分到一个类似的程度。(c)在分析10个常见的花访客物种以前被归类为通才，强有力的证据被发现，一致的偏好和偏好，不同的网站。这些结果表明，花的喜好和动态的传粉者之间的资源分配的灵活性。总的来说，我们的研究结果突出了植物-传粉者相互作用的复杂性，并证实了花的多样性对蜜蜂和食蚜蝇群落的重要性。
In the face of global decline in biodiversity, the relationship between diversity and species interactions deserves particular attention. If pollinators are strongly dependent on floral diversity due to mutual specialization, declines in plant diversity, e.g. caused by land use intensification, may be associated with linked extinctions of pollinators. However, the general extent of pollinator specialization is still poorly known. To explore the dependence of local bee and hoverfly communities on flower diversity, we recorded flower supply and flower-visiting insects on 27 meadows with varying flower diversity in southern Germany and analyzed (a) whether the diversity of flower visitors is correlated with flower diversity, (b) whether the degree of dietary specialization of flower visitors changes with flower diversity and (c) whether flower preferences of individual flower visitor species are constant or variable between different communities. Flower-visitor interaction webs were compiled during a single day on each meadow. This approach prevents relating pollinator species to flowers they never encounter because of non-overlapping phenology or spatial segregation. (a) Flower diversity and flower visitor diversity were positively correlated. (b) Flower visitor assemblies were significantly specialized at a relatively high level, contrasting to the opinion that plant-pollinator webs are highly generalized, and providing a possible explanation for the positive diversity correlation. However, the level of specialization did not change significantly across the gradient of flower diversity, suggesting that pollinators are partitioned to a similar extent in each meadow. (c) In the analysis of ten common flower visitor species previously categorized as generalists, strong evidence was found for both, consistent preferences and preferences that differ between sites. These results indicate a flexibility in flower preferences and a dynamic resource partitioning among pollinators. Generally, our findings highlight the complexity of plant-pollinator interactions and confirm the importance of flower diversity for bee and hoverfly communities.