Kleptoparasitism as an alternative foraging tactic for nest provisioning in a parental shield bug
Kleptoparasitism as an alternative foraging tactic for nest provisioning in a parental shield bug
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盗贼寄生作为父母盾虫中巢穴供应的替代觅食策略
DOI：
10.1093/beheco/arw093
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lisa Filippi and Shintaro Nomakuchi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
坂本 啓伍;三浦 収;浦部 美佐子;吾妻 健;Lisa Filippi and Shintaro Nomakuchi
偷窃寄生减少了获取资源的成本，通常是自我觅食的另一种策略。供给盾蝽（Parastrachia japonensis，异翅目：供给盾蝽科）的雌虫会寄生在同卵的巢中，偷取核果来供给自己的巢。我们测试了两种可能导致偷巢行为的机制：1)当被核果吸引时偶然遇到另一只雌鸟的巢穴；2)被另一只雌鸟的巢穴吸引，以及对宿主/自巢的区分，作为获取高质量核果的另一种觅食策略。盗贼寄生的这两种途径可能对盗贼和受害者产生非常不同的后果。在实验室里，我们测试了雌性是否会被其他巢穴吸引，以及它们在觅食时是否会以其他巢穴为目标进行偷窃。提供食物的雌性进入其他巢穴的频率明显高于干净的对照巢穴，即使它们没有核果。此外，它们进入另一个有核果的巢的频率明显高于进入一个有核果的对照巢的频率。最后，当有几个核果时，雌性只偷了一个新的核果。这些发现表明，提供p。日本的雌性会主动被其他雌性的巢穴吸引，这支持了另一种觅食策略假说。据我们所知，这是第一次报道膜翅目以外的昆虫在没有食物奖励的情况下主动被同翅目昆虫的巢穴吸引。我们讨论了供应行为中涉及的行为和感觉机制如何被用于偷窃，作为自我觅食的替代策略。
Kleptoparasitism reduces the cost of acquiring resources and is typically an alternative tactic to self-foraging. Females of the provisioning shield bug,Parastrachia japonensis(Heteroptera: Parastrachiidae), kleptoparasitize conspecific nests, stealing drupes to provision their own nests. We tested 2 mechanisms that could lead to the behavior of stealing from nests: 1) an incidental encounter with another female’s nest when attracted by a drupe alone and 2) a specific attraction to another female’s nest, and discrimination between host/self nest, as an alternative foraging tactic to acquire high-quality drupes. These 2 pathways to kleptoparasitism could have very different consequences for thief and victim. In the laboratory, we tested whether females are attracted to other nests, and whether they target them to steal when foraging. Provisioning females entered other nests significantly more frequently than a clean control nest even when they did not contain drupes. Moreover, they entered another nest that contained a drupe significantly more frequently than a control nest with a drupe. Finally, when several drupes were present, females only stole a fresh drupe. These findings indicate that provisioningP. japonensisfemales are actively attracted to other females’ nests and support the alternative foraging tactic hypothesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an insect outside the Hymenoptera being actively attracted to the nest of a conspecific when there was no food reward. We discuss how the behaviors and sensory mechanisms involved in provisioning behavior can be co-opted for stealing, as an alternative tactic to self-foraging.