Taking television seriously: A sound and image bite analysis of presidential campaign coverage, 1992-2004
Taking television seriously: A sound and image bite analysis of presidential campaign coverage, 1992-2004
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00362.x
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Grabe, Maria Elizabeth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bucy, Erik P.;Grabe, Maria Elizabeth
这项研究更新并建立在Hallin对声音新闻的里程碑式调查的基础上，通过记录候选人图像咬的流行程度，候选人在4个选举周期的大选新闻中被显示但没有被听到（而不是被显示和听到）。对1992年、1996年、2000年和2004年美国总统选举的广播网络（ABC、CBS和NBC）新闻报道的视觉分析发现，图像片段在竞选总报道中所占的比例比声音片段大，候选人出现在图像片段中的次数明显多于声音片段。尽管候选人的声音片段随着时间的推移不断缩小，但图像片段的时间却在增加，候选人的图像片段几乎是记者的两倍。声音片段也被发现主要是攻击和问题集中。基于这些发现，我们呼吁在媒体和政治的研究中，更多地欣赏视觉处理，非语言交流，以及选民从电视新闻中学习。
This study updates and builds on Hallin's landmark investigation of sound-bite news by documenting the prevalence of candidate image bites, where candidates are shown but not heard (as opposed to being shown and heard), in general election news over 4 election cycles. A visual analysis of broadcast network (ABC, CBS, and NBC) news coverage of the 1992, 1996, 2000, and 2004 U.S. presidential elections finds that image bites constituted a greater percentage of total campaign coverage than sound bites, with candidates appearing in image bites significantly more than sound bites. Even as candidate sound bites continue to shrink over time, image-bite time is increasing in duration-and candidates are being presented in image bites almost twice as much as journalists. Sound bites are also found to be largely attack and issue focused. Based on these findings, we call for greater appreciation of visual processing, nonverbal communication, and voter learning from television news in the study of media and politics.