Research Articles: Oil and Gas Produced Water Management and Surface Drinking Water Sources in Pennsylvania
Research Articles: Oil and Gas Produced Water Management and Surface Drinking Water Sources in Pennsylvania
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研究文章：宾夕法尼亚州石油和天然气采出水管理和地表饮用水源
DOI：
10.1017/s1466046612000427
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Vanbriesen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jessica M. Wilson;J. Vanbriesen
石油和天然气开发产生的污水需要进行管理，以避免对公众健康造成负面影响，特别是与饮用水中的溶解固体和溴化物有关的影响。宾夕法尼亚州马塞卢斯页岩的快速扩张钻探极大地增加了必须管理的产出水量。采出水管理可包括先处理后排放地表水，例如在公有污水处理厂(POTW)或集中式盐水处理厂(CWTS)。使用POTW和CWTS排放经过部分处理的采出水，有可能显著增加地表水的盐分负荷。这些负荷可能导致水源水中溶解固体或溴的浓度高得令人无法接受，特别是当河流处于低流量条件下。本研究评估了2006至2011年间宾夕法尼亚州的生产水管理，以确定地表水排放是否足以造成盐分或溴化物负荷，从而对饮用水水源产生负面影响。2008年宾夕法尼亚州的产出水增加的同时，化学废物处理厂和战俘处理厂的使用量也增加了，这些废物不受溶解固体的排放限制。对2008年和2009年污水处理厂和污水处理厂和污水处理厂排放的盐分负荷的估计表明，在这两年产生的污水中总溶解固体的50%以上被释放到地表水系统。特别是在2008年和2009年的枯水条件下，这些负荷预计会影响饮用水。
Produced water from oil and gas development requires management to avoid negative public health effects, particularly those associated with dissolved solids and bromide in drinking water. Rapidly expanding drilling in the Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania has significantly increased the volume of produced water that must be managed. Produced water management may include treatment followed by surface water discharge, such as at publically owned wastewater treatment plants (POTWs) or centralized brine treatment plants (CWTs). The use of POTWs and CWTs that discharge partially treated produced water has the potential to increase salt loads to surface waters significantly. These loads may cause unacceptably high concentrations of dissolved solids or bromide in source waters, particularly when rivers are at low-flow conditions. The present study evaluates produced water management in Pennsylvania from 2006 through 2011 to determine whether surface water discharges were sufficient to cause salt or bromide loads that would negatively affect drinking water sources. The increase in produced water that occurred in 2008 in Pennsylvania was accompanied by an increase in use of CWTs and POTWs that were exempt from discharge limits on dissolved solids. Estimates of salt loads associated with produced water and with discharges from CWTs and POTWs in 2008 and 2009 indicate that more than 50% of the total dissolved solids in the produced water generated in those years were released to surface water systems. Especially during the low-flow conditions of 2008 and 2009, these loads would be expected to affect drinking water.