13.4.4. Habitat Management for Molting Waterfowl
13.4.4. Habitat Management for Molting Waterfowl
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13.4.4。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1990
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. K. Ringelman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. K. Ringelman
水禽的生态、行为和生活史策略都与其独特的鸟类属性--羽毛密不可分。水禽依靠飞行能力迁徙，充分利用湿地和高地社区的资源，并逃避危及生命的事件。由轮廓和羽绒羽毛提供的绝缘使水鸟能够使用广泛的栖息地，并保护它们免受极端温度的影响。羽毛不仅在求偶过程中对物种识别很重要，而且在孵化过程中对雌性的隐蔽着色也很重要。然而，羽毛会磨损，必须定期更换。羽毛的更新过程，或称换羽，是鸟类生命中的一个关键事件。尽管换羽的重要性显而易见，但在这一时期，人们对水禽的管理关注相对较少。与大多数鸟类不同，鸭、鹅和天鹅都有一个不寻常的特征，即在繁殖后的3到5周内，它们的翅膀会完全同时换羽。同时，这些水鸟也更新它们的尾巴和身体羽毛。除了这种繁殖后的换羽，鸭子还经历了第二次换羽，以更新除了飞羽之外的所有羽毛。在这里，我描述的营养，能量学和管理的成年鸭和鹅，重点是在蜕皮期间，鸟类是不会飞的。营养与能量学
The ecology, behavior, and life history strategies of waterfowl are inseparably linked to that unique avian attribute, feathers. Waterfowl rely on flight capabilities to migrate, to fully exploit the resources of wetland and upland communities, and to escape life-threatening events. The insulation provided by contour and down feathers allows waterfowl to use a wide range of habitats and protects them from temperature extremes. Plumage is important not only for species recognition during courtship, but also for cryptic coloration of females during incubation. However, feathers become worn and must be periodically replaced. The process of feather renewal, or molt, is a critical event in the lives of birds. Despite the obvious importance of the molt, relatively little attention has been devoted to managing waterfowl during this period. Unlike most birds, ducks, geese, and swans share the unusual trait of a complete, simultaneous wing molt that renders them flightless for 3 to 5 weeks during the postbreeding period. Concurrently, these waterfowl also renew their tail and body feathers. In addition to this postbreeding molt, ducks undergo a second yearly molt to renew all but their flight feathers. Here, I describe the nutrition, energetics, and management of molting adult ducks and geese, with emphasis on the period of molt when birds are flightless. Nutrition and Energetics