Secondary neurulation: Fate-mapping and gene manipulation of the neural tube in tail bud
Secondary neurulation: Fate-mapping and gene manipulation of the neural tube in tail bud
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1440-169x.2011.01260.x
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Takahashi, Yoshiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shimokita, Eisuke;Takahashi, Yoshiko
体尾是脊椎动物特有的特征，赋予动物多种运动功能。在胚胎发育过程中，尾巴从尾芽发育而来，神经和中胚层组织在尾芽中发挥着重要作用。尾芽中的神经管通过称为次级神经形成(SN)的过程发育，在SN过程中，间充质细胞经历上皮化和小管形成。这些过程与众所周知的初级神经形成形成对比，初级神经形成是通过内陷上皮细胞片实现的。在本研究中，我们确定了SN细胞的起源，它位于早期鸡胚Hensen‘s结尾部内侧。这一区域与尾部形成的中胚层有着明显的命运联系。推测的SN区域的鉴定使我们能够利用卵内电穿孔技术将外源基因靶向该区域。SN的转基因进一步探索了SN过程中间充质向上皮转化的分子机制，其中CDC42和rac1的活性水平是至关重要的。这是第一次对SN进行分子和细胞分析，这种分析可以在高分辨率下与尾部形成的中胚层分开进行。
The body tail is a characteristic trait of vertebrates, which endows the animals with a variety of locomotive functions. During embryogenesis, the tail develops from the tail bud, where neural and mesodermal tissues make a major contribution. The neural tube in the tail bud develops by the process known as secondary neurulation (SN), where mesenchymal cells undergo epithelialization and tubulogenesis. These processes contrast with the well known primary neurulation, which is achieved by invagination of an epithelial cell sheet. In this study we have identified the origin of SN-undergoing cells, which is located caudo-medially to Hensen's node of early chicken embryo. This region is distinctly fate-mapped from tail-forming mesoderm. The identification of the presumptive SN region has allowed us to target this region with exogenous genes using in ovo electroporation techniques. The SN-transgenesis has further enabled an exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition during SN, where activity levels of Cdc42 and Rac1 are critical. This is the first demonstration of molecular and cellular analyses of SN, which can be performed at a high resolution separately from tail-forming mesoderm.