The Development of Memory Efficiency and Value-Directed Remembering Across the Life Span: A Cross-Sectional Study of Memory and Selectivity
The Development of Memory Efficiency and Value-Directed Remembering Across the Life Span: A Cross-Sectional Study of Memory and Selectivity
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DOI：
10.1037/a0025623
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
McCabe, David P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Castel, Alan D.;Humphreys, Kathryn L.;McCabe, David P.
尽管注意力控制和记忆在人的一生中发生了很大的变化，但没有研究调查过从童年到老年，策略性地记住重要信息的能力（即价值导向记忆）是如何变化的。本研究在不同年龄组（N = 320, 5-96岁）中检验了这一点。在一项选择性任务中，参与者被要求研究和回忆具有不同分值的项目，以最大限度地提高他们的得分。这个程序允许测量记忆数量/容量（回忆单词的数量）和记忆效率/选择性（回忆高价值项目相对于低价值项目）。在记忆力方面发现了与年龄相关的差异，年轻人比其他组记住更多的单词。然而，就选择性而言，年轻人和老年人比青少年和儿童更具选择性。在整个生命周期中，这些测量之间的分离说明了在记忆容量和选择性记忆高价值信息的能力方面，与年龄相关的重要差异。
Although attentional control and memory change considerably across the life span, no research has examined how the ability to strategically remember important information (i.e., value-directed remembering) changes from childhood to old age. The present study examined this in different age groups across the life span (N = 320, 5-96 years old). A selectivity task was used in which participants were asked to study and recall items worth different point values in order to maximize their point score. This procedure allowed for measures of memory quantity/capacity (number of words recalled) and memory efficiency/selectivity (the recall of high-value items relative to low-value items). Age-related differences were found for memory capacity, as young adults recalled more words than the other groups. However, in terms of selectivity, younger and older adults were more selective than adolescents and children. The dissociation between these measures across the life span illustrates important age-related differences in terms of memory capacity and the ability to selectively remember high-value information.