COVID-19 Pandemic Instigates Rapid Healthcare Industry Technology Adoption
COVID-19 Pandemic Instigates Rapid Healthcare Industry Technology Adoption
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COVID-19 大流行促使医疗保健行业技术快速采用
DOI：
10.1097/jan.0000000000000451
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Garrighan, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
La Rue, Elizabeth M.;Sheehan, Brady;Garrighan, Daniel
2020年，有超过81,000人因药物过量死亡（Sokolow, 2020）。这比前一年增长了38%。这一峰值是显著的，可归因于COVID-19大流行对日常生活的干扰（Buddy, 2021; Merrill, 2021; Statista, 2020）。在COVID-19大流行之前，希望从物质使用障碍（SUD）中恢复的个人已经面临许多财务、交通和工作/生活时间表障碍（药物滥用和心理健康服务管理局，2021年）。这些障碍随着美国各州强制要求“待在家里”的命令而增加。目前从“待在家里”的命令中发现的其他不幸的副作用包括增加饮酒（Grossman et al., 2020）、非法药物使用（Grossman et al., 2020）、抑郁（Vindegaard & Benros, 2020）和肥胖（美国精神病学协会，2021）。为了在大流行期间治疗这些疾病，医疗补助和医疗保险服务允许使用远程视频会议，即远程保健技术（美国卫生与公众服务部，2020年）。这种技术的纳入扩大了行为健康行业的治疗选择，为虚拟护理提供了更可接受的范例。虽然远程医疗技术已经有一段时间了（Samuels等人，2020年），但行为健康行业采用这些技术的速度很慢。行业采用远程医疗的主要障碍是计费和许可限制。为了在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间继续治疗药物滥用和精神健康问题，这些限制被放宽，治疗预约的远程医疗解决方案被迅速纳入治疗服务。通过采用远程保健技术，客户的地理和交通障碍减少了，并增加了客户赴约的可能性。尽管预约的依从性有所提高，但对于提供者来说，关于治疗依从性的信息障碍仍然存在。在这种远程医疗治疗模式下，提供者只能通过定期就诊期间的自我报告或毒理学筛查来了解客户在治疗依从性方面的成功和失败。利用现有技术并将其纳入治疗计划可以减少提供者的信息障碍，使他们能够加强客户康复护理计划，从而扩展护理解决方案。通过使用现有的技术，成瘾治疗部门有机会转变为以客户为中心的合作护理模式，增加客户监控并增加获得护理的机会。下一节描述了一种可能的技术解决方案，它消除了地理障碍、信息障碍，并增加了对想要戒毒的个人的指导和护理的可及性。
In 2020, there were more than 81,000 drug overdose deaths (Sokolow, 2020). This represents a 38% increase over the previous year. This spike is significant and can be attributed to the disruption in daily life because of the COVID-19 pandemic (Buddy, 2021; Merrill, 2021; Statista, 2020). Before the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals wanting to recover from a substance use disorder (SUD) already faced numerous financial, transportation, and work/life schedule barriers (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2021). These barriers increased with the “stay at home” orders mandated by states in the United States. Other unfortunate side effects presently revealed from the “stay at home” orders include increased alcohol consumption (Grossman et al., 2020), illicit drug use (Grossman et al., 2020), depression (Vindegaard & Benros, 2020), and obesity (American Psychiatric Association, 2021). To treat these illnesses during the pandemic, Medicaid and Medicare services permitted the use of remote videoconferencing, that is, telehealth technologies (US Department of Health & Human Services, 2020). This inclusion of technology expanded the treatment options available from the behavioral health industry, presenting a more acceptable paradigm for virtual care. Although telehealth technology has been available for quite sometime (Samuels et al., 2020), the behavioral health industry has been slow to adopt these technologies. The primary hindrance to the industry's adoption of telehealth was billing and licensing restrictions. To continue treating substance abuse and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, these restrictions were loosened and telehealth solutions for therapy appointments were quickly incorporated into treatment services. By embracing telehealth technologies, the geographic and transportation barriers for the client decreased and increased the likelihood of clients attending their appointments. Although adherence to appointments improves, information barriers about treatment compliance remain for the provider. With this model of telehealth treatment, the provider only learns about client success and failure in treatment adherence through self-reporting during scheduled visits or through toxicology screenings. Utilizing available technologies and incorporating them with treatment plans can reduce the information barrier for providers enabling them to enhance their client recovery care plans and therefore expand care solutions. By employing the available technology, the addiction treatment sector has the opportunity to shift into a client-centered, cooperative care model with increased client monitoring and increased access to care. The next section describes a possible technology solution that removes the geographic barrier, the information barrier and increases the accessibility of guidance and care for individuals wanting addiction recovery.