Overhauling Ocean Spatial Planning to Improve Marine Megafauna Conservation
Overhauling Ocean Spatial Planning to Improve Marine Megafauna Conservation
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2019.00639
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Duarte, Carlos M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sequeira, Ana Micaela Martins;Hays, Graeme Clive;Duarte, Carlos M.
跟踪数据导致了对海洋巨型动物的循证保护，但在已跟踪的数千种动物个体与在保护和管理行动中使用这些数据之间仍然存在脱节。此外，大多数保护工作的重点是在专属经济区内，尽管这些物种有能力跨越多个国家管辖区移动1000公里。为协助实现联合国大会最近努力谈判一项养护公海生物多样性的全球条约的目标，我们提议开拓动态海洋空间管理的新领域。我们认为，一种全球性的方法，结合海洋巨型动物和人类活动的跟踪运动在海上，并利用现有的和新兴的技术（例如，通过新的跟踪设备和大数据方法），可用于对现有风险和威胁进行近实时诊断，以减轻海洋巨型动物面临的全球风险。随着未来十年的技术发展有望促进在全球范围内更详细地调查海洋动物和人类活动的潜力，开发基于近实时跟踪和环境数据的动态预测工具将成为应对日益增加的风险的关键。然而，这种动态时空管理的全球工具将需要广泛的天气数据更新，并将取决于向数据共享和开放获取文化的转变。我们提议建立一个全球机制，近实时地储存和提供这些数据，从而能够全面了解海洋巨型动物和人类利用空间的情况，这将大大加快减轻海洋巨型动物影响和改善海洋巨型动物养护和管理的努力。
Tracking data have led to evidence-based conservation of marine megafauna, but a disconnect remains between the many 1000s of individual animals that have been tracked and the use of these data in conservation and management actions. Furthermore, the focus of most conservation efforts is within Exclusive Economic Zones despite the ability of these species to move 1000s of kilometers across multiple national jurisdictions. To assist the goal of the United Nations General Assembly's recent effort to negotiate a global treaty to conserve biodiversity on the high seas, we propose the development of a new frontier in dynamic marine spatial management. We argue that a global approach combining tracked movements of marine megafauna and human activities at-sea, and using existing and emerging technologies (e.g., through new tracking devices and big data approaches) can be applied to deliver near real-time diagnostics on existing risks and threats to mitigate global risks for marine megafauna. With technology developments over the next decade expected to catalyze the potential to survey marine animals and human activities in ever more detail and at global scales, the development of dynamic predictive tools based on near real-time tracking and environmental data will become crucial to address increasing risks. Such global tools for dynamic spatial and temporal management will, however, require extensive synoptic data updates and will be dependent on a shift to a culture of data sharing and open access. We propose a global mechanism to store and make such data available in near real-time, enabling a holistic view of space use by marine megafauna and humans that would significantly accelerate efforts to mitigate impacts and improve conservation and management of marine megafauna.