Optimism, coping, psychological distress, and high-risk sexual behavior among men at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Optimism, coping, psychological distress, and high-risk sexual behavior among men at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
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有获得性免疫缺陷综合症 (AIDS) 风险的男性的乐观、应对、心理困扰和高危性行为。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.63.3.460
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Herbert,M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taylor,SE;Kemeny,ME;Aspinwall,LG;Schneider,SG;Rodriguez,R;Herbert,M
在一组应对获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）威胁的男同性恋群体中，性格乐观与较少的痛苦、较少的回避性应对、积极的态度作为应对策略以及较少的艾滋病相关担忧相关。知道自己的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）血清呈阳性的男性比知道自己的艾滋病毒血清呈阴性的男性对于不患艾滋病的态度要乐观得多。这种针对艾滋病的乐观情绪与人们对艾滋病的更高认识控制、血清反应阳性男性的积极应对以及两个血清状态群体的健康行为有关。乐观情绪与风险相关的性行为没有关系。结论是乐观具有心理适应性，但不一定会损害健康行为。研究还得出的结论是，区分基于事件的乐观预期和性格乐观是有用的。
In a cohort of gay men responding to the threat of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), dispositional optimism was associated with less distress, less avoidant coping, positive attitudes as a coping strategy, and fewer AIDS-related concerns. Men who knew they were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were significantly more optimistic about not developing AIDS than men who knew they were seronegative for HIV. This AIDS-specific optimism was related to higher perceived control over AIDS and to active coping among seropositive men only and to health behaviors in both serostatus groups. There was no relation of optimism to risk-related sexual behavior. It is concluded that optimism is psychologically adaptive without necessarily compromising health behavior. It is also concluded that it is useful to distinguish between event-based optimistic expectations and dispositional optimism.