Placental transport in response to altered maternal nutrition.
Placental transport in response to altered maternal nutrition.
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DOI：
10.1017/s2040174412000529
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发表时间：
2013-04
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Jansson T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaccioli F;Lager S;Powell TL;Jansson T
将母亲营养与胎儿生长和成人疾病规划联系起来的机制仍有待充分建立。我们回顾了胎盘转运的变化，以应对母体营养的改变，包括子宫胎盘血流受损的数据。在人类宫内生长受限和大多数涉及母体营养不足或胎盘血流受限的动物模型中，胎盘转运蛋白（特别是氨基酸）的活性在妊娠晚期降低。母体营养过剩对胎盘转运的影响在很大程度上仍未得到研究。然而，一些，但不是所有的，在患有糖尿病的妇女生下大婴儿的研究表明，氨基酸，葡萄糖和脂肪酸的胎盘转运蛋白上调。这些数据支持胎盘通过改变胎盘功能以使胎儿生长与母体供应线向胎儿分配资源的能力相匹配来响应母体营养提示的概念。另一方面，在人类和小鼠中的一些发现表明，胎盘转运蛋白是受胎儿需求信号调节的。这些观察结果与胎儿信号调节胎盘功能以补偿营养可用性变化的想法一致。我们认为胎盘整合了母体和胎儿的营养线索与来自内在营养传感器的信息。这些信号共同调节胎盘生长和营养运输，以平衡胎儿需求和母亲支持妊娠的能力。因此，胎盘在调节母胎资源分配中起着关键作用，从而影响胎儿的生长和后代的长期健康。
The mechanisms linking maternal nutrition to fetal growth and programming of adult disease remain to be fully established. We review data on changes in placental transport in response to altered maternal nutrition, including compromised utero-placental blood flow. In human intrauterine growth restriction and in most animal models involving maternal under-nutrition or restricted placental blood flow the activity of placental transporters, in particular for amino acids, is decreased in late pregnancy. The effect of maternal over-nutrition on placental transport remains largely unexplored. However some, but not all, studies in women with diabetes giving birth to large babies indicate an up-regulation of placental transporters for amino acids, glucose and fatty acids. These data support the concept that the placenta responds to maternal nutritional cues by altering placental function to match fetal growth to the ability of the maternal supply line to allocate resources to the fetus. On the other hand, some findings in humans and mice suggest that placental transporters are regulated in response to fetal demand signals. These observations are consistent with the idea that fetal signals regulate placental function to compensate for changes in nutrient availability. We propose that the placenta integrates maternal and fetal nutritional cues with information from intrinsic nutrient sensors. Together these signals regulate placental growth and nutrient transport to balance fetal demand with the ability of the mother to support pregnancy. Thus, the placenta plays a critical role in modulating maternal-fetal resource allocation, thereby affecting fetal growth and the long-term health of the offspring.