IDENTITY OF THE RHIZOTOXIC ALUMINUM SPECIES
IDENTITY OF THE RHIZOTOXIC ALUMINUM SPECIES
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00010729
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发表时间：
1991-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
KINRAIDE, TB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KINRAIDE, TB
在酸性条件下，从土壤矿物释放到土壤溶液中的铝（III）可能以六水合铝（Al（H2O）6（3+）或Al 3+）的形式出现，或者可能与可用的配体反应形成额外的化学物质。几十年来，人们已经知道这些物种中的一种或多种具有根毒性（抑制根伸长），但由于以下原因，有毒物种的身份仍然存在问题。1.几种铝物种共存于溶液中，因此个别物种不能孤立地研究，即使在人工培养基中。2.个别物种的活性必须根据可能不确定的平衡数据计算。3.剧毒三酸铝（AlO 4 Al 12（OH）24（H2 O）12（7+）或Al 13）的意外或未检测到的出现可能会导致将毒性错误归因于其他物质，尤其是单核羟基铝。4.如果H+改善了Al 3+的毒性，反之亦然，那么单核羟基铝可能会出现毒性时，它不是。5.接触细胞表面的铝物种的身份和活动是不确定的，因为通过根表面的H+电流，因为表面电荷。本文认为，这些问题的影响，良好的实验设计，并严格评估目前的信息选择铝物种的相对毒性。得出的结论是，聚阳离子铝（电荷> 2）是根毒，因为是其他多价阳离子。
The aluminium (III) released from soil minerals to the soil solution under acid conditions may appear as hexaaquaaluminium (Al(H2O)6(3+), or Al3+ for convenience) or may react with available ligands to form additional chemical species. That one or more of these species is rhizotoxic (inhibitory to root elongation) has been known for many decades, but the identity of the toxic species remains problematical for the following reasons. 1. Several Al species coexist in solution so individual species cannot be investigated in isolation, even in artificial culture media. 2. The activities of individual species must be calculated from equilibrium data that may be uncertain. 3. The unexpected or undetected appearance of the extremely toxic triskaidekaaluminium (AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12(7+) or Al13) may cause misattribution of toxicity to other species, especially to mononuclear hydroxy-Al. 4. If H+ ameliorates Al3+ toxicity, or vice versa, then mononuclear hydroxy-Al may appear to be toxic when it is not. 5. The identity and activities of the Al species contacting the cell surfaces are uncertain because of the H+ currents through the root surface and because of surface charges. This article considers the implications of these problems for good experimental designs and critically evaluates current information regarding the relative toxicities of selected Al species. It is concluded that polycationic Al (charge > 2) is rhizotoxic as are other polyvalent cations.