Studies on the Control of Ascochyta Blight in Field Peas (Pisum sativum L.) Caused by Ascochyta pinodes in Zhejiang Province, China.
Studies on the Control of Ascochyta Blight in Field Peas (Pisum sativum L.) Caused by Ascochyta pinodes in Zhejiang Province, China.
复制标题
浙江省壳二孢菌引起的豌豆壳二孢菌病的防治研究
DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2016.00481
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Gong Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu N;Xu S;Yao X;Zhang G;Mao W;Hu Q;Feng Z;Gong Y
壳二孢属（Ascochyta）枯萎病是由松状壳二孢（Ascochyta pinodes）、松状壳二孢（Ascochyta pinodella）、豌豆壳二孢（Ascochyta pisi）和/或茎点霉（Phoma koolunga）的复合体引起的感染，是许多豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）种植区，并造成粮食产量的重大损失。为了解浙江省豌豆炭疽病病原真菌的组成，从该地区5个地点采集的病豌豆样品中分离到65个单分生孢子真菌菌株。通过分子生物学技术和形态学、生理生化特征鉴定，这些菌株为松叶壳二孢（Ascochyta pinodes）。ZJ-1的菌丝能穿过气孔穿透豌豆叶片，并形成特异的穿透结构，直接穿透叶片。测定了23个豌豆品种对代表菌株A. pinodes ZJ-1的离体叶片测定技术。ZJ-1菌丝体能穿透所有供试品种的叶片，并表现出典型的症状，表明所有供试品种均感病。筛选了防治该病害的化学药剂和生物防治药剂，并进一步测定了其药效。14种杀菌剂中有11种（11/14）对ZJ-1表现出较高的活性，EC 50 < 5 μg/mL。此外，杀菌剂，包括戊唑醇，啶酰菌胺，异菌脲，多菌灵，和咯菌腈，显示超过80%的疾病控制效果在记录的条件下。从豌豆相关的壁龛中分离出三株芽孢杆菌和一株成团泛菌，在温室和田间条件下显着降低了病害的严重程度。据我们所知，这是首次对豌豆壳二孢疫病进行研究，其结果将有助于该地区该病的防治。
Ascochyta blight, an infection caused by a complex of Ascochyta pinodes, Ascochyta pinodella, Ascochyta pisi, and/or Phoma koolunga, is a destructive disease in many field peas (Pisum sativum L.)-growing regions, and it causes significant losses in grain yield. To understand the composition of fungi associated with this disease in Zhejiang Province, China, a total of 65 single-pycnidiospore fungal isolates were obtained from diseased pea samples collected from 5 locations in this region. These isolates were identified as Ascochyta pinodes by molecular techniques and their morphological and physiological characteristics. The mycelia of ZJ-1 could penetrate pea leaves across the stomas, and formed specific penetration structures and directly pierced leaves. The resistance level of 23 available pea cultivars was tested against their representative isolate A. pinodes ZJ-1 using the excised leaf-assay technique. The ZJ-1 mycelia could penetrate the leaves of all tested cultivars, and they developed typical symptoms, which suggested that all tested cultivars were susceptible to the fungus. Chemical fungicides and biological control agents were screened for management of this disease, and their efficacies were further determined. Most of the tested fungicides (11 out of 14) showed high activity toward ZJ-1 with EC50 < 5 μg/mL. Moreover, fungicides, including tebuconazole, boscalid, iprodione, carbendazim, and fludioxonil, displayed more than 80% disease control efficacy under the recorded conditions. Three biocontrol strains of Bacillus sp. and one of Pantoea agglomerans were isolated from pea-related niches and significantly reduced the severity of disease under greenhouse and field conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first study on ascochyta blight in field peas, and results presented here will be useful for controlling the disease in this area.