Revisiting Technology as Knowledge
Revisiting Technology as Knowledge
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重新审视技术作为知识
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ann Johnson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ann Johnson
技术是知识的一种形式，这是科学技术研究领域中一个由来已久的普遍观念。事实上，这已经成为一种如此普遍的假设，以至于它不再需要进一步的描述或解释。但是，正如在许多情况下的真实情况一样，随着它成为一种比喻，这个短语也失去了，或者至少是混淆了它的一些含义。在Edwin Layton 1974年的文章《将技术建立为一种知识》中，他主张必须以一种承认技术不仅仅是人工制品的方式来分析技术(Layton 1974)。将技术作为知识有效地将技术纳入了社会和思想史，也纳入了哲学。从莱顿的文章以及他后来关于科学和技术关系的著作中也可以清楚地看出，他的技术是知识的概念也在科学和技术之间建立了一种平行关系(虽然很少有社会学家，但许多哲学家认为科学是一种特殊的知识)(莱顿1971,1987)。技术既不属于科学，也不完全脱离科学；技术专家和科学家群体相互依存，
The idea that technology constitutes a form of knowledge is a long and commonly held notion in the aeld of science and technology studies. In fact, this has become such a common assumption that it no longer requires further description or deanition. But, as is true in many cases, as it became a trope, the phrase also lost, or at least muddied, some of its meaning. In Edwin Layton’s 1974 article establishing technology as a kind of knowledge, he argues that technology must be analyzed in a way that acknowledges that technology comprises more than mere artifacts (Layton 1974). Taking technology as knowledge effectively places technology into social and intellectual history, as well as into philosophy. It is also clear from Layton’s article, as well as his later work on the relationship of science and technology, that his notion of technology as knowledge also sets up a parallel between science—seen as a special kind of knowledge by many philosophers if few sociologists—and technology (Layton 1971, 1987). Technology is neither subsumed under science nor completely outside of it; communities of technologists and scientists constitute interdependent,