On the relation between acceptability and frequency
On the relation between acceptability and frequency
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论可接受性与频率的关系
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
A. Adli
中科院分区：
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作者：
A. Adli
这项工作的目的是阐明语言证据的两个主要来源之间的关系，即可接受性判断和自发言语中的出现频率。将可接受性与语法、频率与使用联系起来，这些数据源之间的经验关系被视为语法和用法之间潜在关系的体现。与功能主义观点相反，我主张语法和用法之间有明确的区别；与标准生成观点相反，我认为语法和用法都是人类句法的组成部分。它们以非常具体的方式相关，它们的相互作用对于句法变化和语法变化的过程至关重要。我们进行了一项系统的实验研究，其中可接受性和频率数据是从相同的受试者和相同的语言现象中获得的：这是西班牙语中 wh 元素的语义角色和主语的首选位置（动词前与动词后）之间众所周知的相互作用。结果表明，可接受性不是使用的充分条件，而是必要条件。可接受但不使用或几乎不使用的结构称为潜在结构。建议潜在结构可以作为句法变化过程中的中间步骤发生。
The aim of this work is to lay out the relation between the two main sources of linguistic evidence, acceptability judgments and frequency of occurrence in spontaneous speech. Tying acceptability to grammar and frequency to usage, the empirical relation between these data sources is seen as a manifestation of the underlying relation between grammar and usage. Contrasting with the functionalist view, I argue in favor of a clear distinction between grammar and usage, and contrasting with the standard generative view, I propose that both grammar and usage are constitutive parts of human syntax. They are related in a very specific way and their interplay is crucial in syntactic variation and the process of grammatical change. A systematic experimental study has been conducted in which acceptability and frequency data are obtained from the same subjects and on the same linguistic phenomenon: which is the well-known interaction between the semantic role of the wh-element and the preferred position of the subject (preverbal vs. postverbal) in Spanish. The results show that acceptability is not a sufficient but a necessary condition for usage. Constructions that are acceptable but not or hardly used are called latent constructions. It is suggested that latent constructions can occur as an intermediate step in the process of syntactic change.