Measurement of the Refractive Indices of H(2)SO(4)-HNO(3)-H(2)O Solutions to Stratospheric Temperatures.
Measurement of the Refractive Indices of H(2)SO(4)-HNO(3)-H(2)O Solutions to Stratospheric Temperatures.
复制标题
H(2)SO(4)-HNO(3)-H(2)O 溶液对平流层温度的折射率的测量。
DOI：
10.1364/ao.39.003691
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Thomas Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ulrich Krieger;Juliane C. Mössinger;Beiping Luo;U. Weers;Thomas Peter
在30至-60 ℃的温度范围内，在可见光的四个波长（351.0、533.5、632.9和782.6 nm）处测量了各种H（2）SO（4）-H（2）O、HNO（3）-H（2）O和H（2）SO（4）-HNO（3）-H（2）O溶液的折射率。据作者所知，首次确定了温度依赖性。这种依赖性对于低温大气气溶胶的应用非常重要。特别地，它表明：（1）溶液的摩尔折射率活性与温度无关，而折射率的温度依赖性仅通过溶液的质量密度的温度依赖性而产生，（2）H（2）SO（4）和HNO（3）的摩尔还原活性在三元溶液中的摩尔活度可以计算为在对应于总酸浓度的浓度下评价的两种二元溶液的摩尔活度的加权和，（3）溶液中H（2）O的摩尔活度可取与纯水的摩尔活度相等。虽然三元体系的数据已用于该模型验证，但二元H（2）SO（4）-H（2）O和HNO（3）-H（2）O溶液的数据用于将模型化折射率的准确度提高到对于5-70重量%的浓度优于0.0017%或0.15以及从近紫外到近红外（0.25-2 μ m）的波长。
Refractive indices of various H(2)SO(4)-H(2)O, HNO(3)-H(2)O, and H(2)SO(4)-HNO(3)-H(2)O solutions were measured at four wavelengths in the visible (351.0, 533.5, 632.9, and 782.6 nm) over a temperature range from 30 to -60 degrees C. The temperature dependence has been determined for the first time to the authors' knowledge. This dependence is of importance for applications to atmospheric aerosols at low temperatures. In particular, it is shown that (1) the molar refractivity of the solutions is independent of temperature, whereas the temperature dependence of the refractive index arises solely through the temperature dependence of the solution's mass density, (2) the molar refractivities of H(2)SO(4) and HNO(3) in a ternary solution may be calculated as the weighted sum of the molar refractivities of two binary solutions evaluated at a concentration that corresponds to the total acid concentration, and (3) the H(2)O molar refractivity in the solutions may be taken equal to that of pure water. Although the data for the ternary system have been used for this model verification, data for binary H(2)SO(4)-H(2)O and HNO(3)-H(2)O solutions were used to improve the accuracy of the modeled refractive indices to better than 0.0017% or 0.15% for concentrations of 5-70 wt.% and wavelengths from the near ultraviolet to the near infrared (0.25-2 mum).