The Great European Famine of 1315, 1316, and 1317
The Great European Famine of 1315, 1316, and 1317
复制标题
1315 年、1316 年和 1317 年欧洲大饥荒
作者：
H. S. Lucas
在中世纪，瘟疫和瘟疫频繁地席卷欧洲，夺去了无数人的生命，以至于这种现象被认为是那个时期最令人印象深刻的特征之一。在这些大饥荒中，1315年、1316年和1317年发生的大饥荒可能是最有趣的，它席卷了从比利牛斯山脉到俄罗斯平原，从苏格兰到意大利的所有土地，原因很简单，与其他任何中世纪饥荒相比，有关它的文献都要多。弗里茨·柯希曼（Fritz Curschmann）在他对中世纪饥荒的研究中，很少对这个问题进行深入研究。虽然他提到了帝国土地上导致这场灾难的一些现象，但他没有仔细调查欧洲其他地区发生的一切，也没有试图将他发现的数据与社会、政治、经济和地理因素联系起来，这些因素本可以使他更生动地描绘出这场可怕的灾难。其他作家确实提到了这些年来不寻常的瘟疫和死亡率，然而，没有尝试对所有来源进行彻底的研究。英国的饥荒和随之而来的瘟疫，是德高望重的医学权威克赖顿教授描述过的；他的叙述主要依赖于僧侣Trokelowe的生动而极有价值的故事，但并没有试图将这些现象与类似的现象联系起来
BY HENRY S. LUCAS F AMINE and pestilence swept over Europe so often during the Middle Ages and exacted so frightful a toll of human life that the phenomenon has come to be regarded as one of the most impressive features of the period. Of these catastrophes, the one in 1315, 1316, and 1317 which smote all lands from the Pyrenees to the plains of Russia and from Scotland to Italy is perhaps the most interesting simply because more references toit can be found than to any other mediaeval famine. It received but little extended treatment at the hand of Fritz Curschmann i his study1 of famines of the Middle Ages. While mentioning some of the phenomena ttending this calamity in the lands of the Empire, he did not make a careful survey of all that happened in other parts of Europe, nor did he seek to relate the data which he discovered to social, political, economic, and geographical factors, which would have enabled him to present a more vivid picture of this terrible misfortune. Other writers have indeed referred to the unusual pestilence and mortality of these years without, however, attempting a thorough study of all the sources. For England the famine and the pestilence which followed hard upon it have been described by that admired medical authority, Professor C. Creighton; his account rests mainly on the vivacious and exceedingly valuable story by the monk Trokelowe, but does not endeavor to link these phenomena with similar