Circum‐Arctic distribution of chemical anti‐herbivore compounds suggests biome‐wide trade‐off in defence strategies in Arctic shrubs
Circum‐Arctic distribution of chemical anti‐herbivore compounds suggests biome‐wide trade‐off in defence strategies in Arctic shrubs
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化学抗草食动物化合物在北极的分布表明北极灌木防御策略中存在生物群系广泛的权衡
DOI：
10.1111/ecog.06166
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Buchwal, Agata
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lindén, Elin;te Beest, Mariska;Abreu, Ilka N.;Moritz, Thomas;Sundqvist, Maja K.;Barrio, Isabel C.;Boike, Julia;Bryant, John P.;Bråthen, Kari Anne;Buchwal, Agata
植物对食草动物化学防御的空间变化有助于我们理解北极地区食草动物自上而下控制灌木的变化，也可能有助于理解灌木对全球变暖的响应。防御较少的非树脂灌木比防御较多的树脂灌木更容易受到食草动物的影响。然而，稀疏场测量限制了我们目前对防御化合物在北极周围变化中有多少是由分类群或防御官能团（树脂/非树脂）解释的理解。我们测量了树脂(Betula glandulosa，B。nanassp。exilis)和非树脂(B. nanassp.nana，B.；灌木桦树，看看它们在分类群和功能群之间和内部是如何变化的。采用液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）代谢组学分析和牛瘤胃液培养的体外叶片消化率，我们分析了来自44个冻土带地区的128个样品的防御成分和叶片消化率。我们发现了抗草食动物防御的生物地理模式，在树脂类群中，叶片平均三萜浓度和树枝树脂腺密度更高，而在非树脂类群中，凝结单宁的平均浓度更高。这表明在生物群系范围内，以三萜或单宁为主的防御之间存在权衡。然而，我们也发现了化学防御成分和树脂腺密度在功能群（树脂/非树脂）和分类群内部和之间的变化，表明这些分类只能部分预测化学食草动物的防御。复合单宁是唯一与体外消化率负相关的防御化合物，这表明这一先前被忽视的单宁组在桦树抗食草动物防御中具有潜在的关键作用。我们得出的结论是，桦树抗食草动物防御的环北极变化部分源于桦树分类群的生物地理分布，尽管我们对植物防御的详细绘制提供了更多关于这种变化的信息，并可用于更好地预测食草动物对北极植被的影响。
Spatial variation in plant chemical defence towards herbivores can help us understand variation in herbivore top–down control of shrubs in the Arctic and possibly also shrub responses to global warming. Less defended, non‐resinous shrubs could be more influenced by herbivores than more defended, resinous shrubs. However, sparse field measurements limit our current understanding of how much of the circum‐Arctic variation in defence compounds is explained by taxa or defence functional groups (resinous/non‐resinous). We measured circum‐Arctic chemical defence and leaf digestibility in resinous (Betula glandulosa,B. nanassp.exilis) and non‐resinous (B. nanassp.nana,B. pumila) shrub birches to see how they vary among and within taxa and functional groups. Using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabolomic analyses and in vitro leaf digestibility via incubation in cattle rumen fluid, we analysed defence composition and leaf digestibility in 128 samples from 44 tundra locations.We found biogeographical patterns in anti‐herbivore defence where mean leaf triterpene concentrations and twig resin gland density were greater in resinous taxa and mean concentrations of condensing tannins were greater in non‐resinous taxa. This indicates a biome‐wide trade‐off between triterpene‐ or tannin‐dominated defences. However, we also found variations in chemical defence composition and resin gland density both within and among functional groups (resinous/non‐resinous) and taxa, suggesting these categorisations only partly predict chemical herbivore defence. Complex tannins were the only defence compounds negatively related to in vitro digestibility, identifying this previously neglected tannin group as having a potential key role in birch anti‐herbivore defence.We conclude that circum‐Arctic variation in birch anti‐herbivore defence can be partly derived from biogeographical distributions of birch taxa, although our detailed mapping of plant defence provides more information on this variation and can be used for better predictions of herbivore effects on Arctic vegetation.
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