Improving Well-Being at Work: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Based on Selection, Optimization, and Compensation
Improving Well-Being at Work: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Based on Selection, Optimization, and Compensation
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DOI：
10.1037/a0039676
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Angerer, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mueller, Andreas;Heiden, Barbara;Angerer, Peter
本研究的目的是开发，实施和评估职业健康干预，是基于选择，优化和补偿（SOC）的理论模型。我们对德国一家社区医院的70名护士（94%为女性，平均年龄43.7岁）进行了分层随机对照干预。培训共包括6次课程（16.5小时），为期9个月。培训以6-8名雇员为一组进行。参与者熟悉SOC模型，并开发和实施了基于SOC的个人项目，以有效科普1个重要的工作需求或激活工作资源。与我们的假设相一致，我们观察到一个有意义的趋势，即拟议的SOC培训增强了心理健康，特别是在对干预措施有强烈承诺的员工中。虽然高度承诺的培训参与者在随访时报告了更高水平的工作控制，但效果并不具有统计学意义。对适度效应的进一步分析表明，当工作控制力低时，培训对提高心理健康特别有效。与我们的假设相反，感知的工作能力并没有通过培训得到改善。我们的研究提供了第一个迹象表明，SOC培训可能是一个有前途的方法，职业健康和压力预防。此外，它确定了基于SOC的职业干预的关键成功因素。然而，需要更多的研究来证实SOC培训在职业环境中的有效性。
This study aimed to develop, implement, and evaluate an occupational health intervention that is based on the theoretical model of selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC). We conducted a stratified randomized controlled intervention with 70 nurses of a community hospital in Germany (94% women; mean age 43.7 years). Altogether, the training consisted of 6 sessions (16.5 hours) over a period of 9 months. The training took place in groups of 6-8 employees. Participants were familiarized with the SOC model and developed and implemented a personal project based on SOC to cope effectively with 1 important job demand or to activate a job resource. Consistent with our hypotheses, we observed a meaningful trend that the proposed SOC training enhanced mental well-being, particularly in employees with a strong commitment to the intervention. While highly committed training participants reported higher levels of job control at follow-up, the effects were not statistical significant. Additional analyses of moderation effects showed that the training is particularly effective to enhance mental well-being when job control is low. Contrary to our assumptions, perceived work ability was not improved by the training. Our study provides first indications that SOC training might be a promising approach to occupational health and stress prevention. Moreover, it identifies critical success factors of occupational interventions based on SOC. However, additional studies are needed to corroborate the effectiveness of SOC trainings in the occupational contexts.