Programmed Genome Rearrangements in the Ciliate Oxytricha.
Programmed Genome Rearrangements in the Ciliate Oxytricha.
复制标题
纤毛氧的编程基因组重排。
DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.mdna3-0025-2014
复制
发表时间：
2014-12
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Landweber LF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yerlici VT;Landweber LF
纤毛类尖毛藻是一种具有两个基因组的微生物真核生物，其中一个在发育过程中经历了广泛的基因组重塑。每一轮接合都启动一系列事件，在长的和小的非编码RNA的大量帮助下，从杂乱的种系基因组构建转录活性的体细胞基因组。这个基因组重塑的过程需要大量的DNA删除和重组剩余的DNA片段，以形成功能基因从他们中断和混乱的种系前体。使用Oxytricha作为模型系统提供了一个机会来研究程序化基因组重排的夸张形式。此外，研究维持核二态性和介导基因组重排的机制已经证明了非编码RNA途径的惊人可塑性和多样性，其新作用超越了传统的基因沉默。纤毛虫遗传学的另一个方面是它们的非正统的RNA介导的表观遗传模式，与孟德尔遗传相媲美。这篇评论带读者通过模型真核生物中的关键实验，这些实验导致了RNA生物学的基本发现，并推动了DNA加工的生物极限。
The ciliate Oxytricha is a microbial eukaryote with two genomes, one of which experiences extensive genome remodeling during development. Each round of conjugation initiates a cascade of events that construct a transcriptionally active somatic genome from a scrambled germline genome, with considerable help from both long and small noncoding RNAs. This process of genome remodeling entails massive DNA deletion and reshuffling of remaining DNA segments to form functional genes from their interrupted and scrambled germline precursors. The use of Oxytricha as a model system provides an opportunity to study an exaggerated form of programmed genome rearrangement. Furthermore, studying the mechanisms that maintain nuclear dimorphism and mediate genome rearrangement has demonstrated a surprising plasticity and diversity of non-coding RNA pathways, with new roles that go beyond conventional gene silencing. Another aspect of ciliate genetics is their unorthodox patterns of RNA-mediated, epigenetic inheritance, that rival Mendelian inheritance. This review takes the reader through the key experiments in a model eukaryote that led to fundamental discoveries in RNA biology and pushes the biological limits of DNA processing.