Stomatal development and patterning are regulated by environmentally responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases in Arabidopsis
Stomatal development and patterning are regulated by environmentally responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases in Arabidopsis
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DOI：
10.1105/tpc.106.048298
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Zhang, Shuqun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Huachun;Ngwenyama, Njabulo;Zhang, Shuqun
气孔是调节植物与环境之间气体（CO2和O-2）和水蒸气交换的特殊表皮结构。拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）的气孔发育以细胞不对称分裂为主，气孔分布遵循单细胞间隔规律，反映了细胞命运规范的协调性。气孔的发育和定型受到遗传和环境信号的双重调控。在这里，我们报道了拟南芥有丝分裂原激活蛋白激酶3 （MPK3）和MPK6，两种环境响应型有丝分裂原激活蛋白激酶（MAPK）及其上游激酶MKK4和MKK5是气孔发育和模式的关键调节因子。MKK4/MKK5或MPK3/MPK6功能缺失，破坏了气孔与铺面细胞协调的细胞命运规范，导致气孔形成簇状。相反，激活MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6会抑制细胞不对称分裂和气孔细胞命运规范，导致气孔分化缺失。我们进一步确定了MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6模块位于MAPKKK YODA的下游。完整的MAPK信号级联作为气孔发育和模式的关键调节器的建立，促进了我们对气孔发育过程中协调细胞命运规范的细胞间信号事件的调节机制的理解。
Stomata are specialized epidermal structures that regulate gas (CO2 and O-2) and water vapor exchange between plants and their environment. In Arabidopsis thaliana, stomatal development is preceded by asymmetric cell divisions, and stomatal distribution follows the one-cell spacing rule, reflecting the coordination of cell fate specification. Stomatal development and patterning are regulated by both genetic and environmental signals. Here, we report that Arabidopsis MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE3 (MPK3) and MPK6, two environmentally responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and their upstream MAPK kinases, MKK4 and MKK5, are key regulators of stomatal development and patterning. Loss of function of MKK4/MKK5 or MPK3/MPK6 disrupts the coordinated cell fate specification of stomata versus pavement cells, resulting in the formation of clustered stomata. Conversely, activation of MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 causes the suppression of asymmetric cell divisions and stomatal cell fate specification, resulting in a lack of stomatal differentiation. We further establish that the MKK4/MKK5-MPK3/MPK6 module is downstream of YODA,a MAPKKK. The establishment of a complete MAPK signaling cascade as a key regulator of stomatal development and patterning advances our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of intercellular signaling events that coordinate cell fate specification during stomatal development.