Biological effects due to weak magnetic field on plants
Biological effects due to weak magnetic field on plants
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DOI：
10.1016/j.asr.2004.01.021
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Belyavskaya, NA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Belyavskaya, NA
在整个进化过程中，地球磁场（MF，约50 muT）是生物环境的自然组成部分。在计划的长期行星际飞行任务中飞行的生物物体将经历更弱的磁场，因为已知银河系磁场强度为0.1-1 nT。然而，弱磁场的作用及其对生物有机体功能的影响仍未得到充分了解，目前正在积极研究中。对不同植物种类的幼苗进行的大量实验表明，与对照相比，在弱磁场中，它们的初生根的生长在发芽早期受到抑制。在弱磁场作用下，植物根系分生组织的增殖活性和细胞繁殖能力下降。在许多植物物种中，由于G(2)期的扩大（以及亚麻和扁豆根中G(2)期的扩大），细胞的生殖周期减慢，而细胞周期的其他阶段保持相对稳定。在弱磁场作用下的植物细胞中，基因组在预复制初期的功能活性降低。弱磁场使植物根系中蛋白质的合成和分解加剧。在超微结构水平上，暴露在弱磁场下的豌豆根发生了染色质浓缩分布的变化和细胞核内核仁的致密化，脂质体的明显积累，裂解室（液泡、细胞分离室和旁膜体）的发育，分生组织细胞内质体中植物fierritin的减少。发现线粒体对弱磁场非常敏感，细胞内线粒体的大小和相对体积增大，基质呈电子透明，嵴缩小。细胞化学研究表明，弱磁场作用下的植物根系细胞与对照细胞不同，细胞器和细胞质中Ca2+均出现过饱和。结果表明，植物长期暴露在弱磁场下，可能在细胞、组织和器官水平上产生不同的生物学效应。它们可能在功能上与调节植物代谢的系统有关，包括细胞内Ca2+稳态。然而，我们对弱磁场与生物系统之间相互作用的非常复杂的基本机制和位置的理解仍然不完整，仍然值得大力研究。(C) 2004年由Elsevier Ltd代表COSPAR出版。
Throughout the evolution process, Earth's magnetic field (MF, about 50 muT) was a natural component of the environment for living organisms. Biological objects, flying on planned long-term interplanetary missions, would experience much weaker magnetic fields, since galactic MF is known to be 0.1-1 nT. However, the role of weak magnetic fields and their influence on functioning of biological organisms are still insufficiently understood, and is actively studied. Numerous experiments with seedlings of different plant species placed in weak magnetic field have shown that the growth of their primary roots is inhibited during early germination stages in comparison with control. The proliferative activity and cell reproduction in meristem of plant roots are reduced in weak magnetic field. Cell reproductive cycle slows down due to the expansion of G, phase in many plant species (and of G(2) phase in flax and lentil roots), while other phases of cell cycle remain relatively stabile. In plant cells exposed to weak magnetic field, the functional activity of genome at early pre-replicate period is shown to decrease. Weak magnetic field causes intensification of protein synthesis and disintegration in plant roots. At ultrastructural level, changes in distribution of condensed chromatin and nucleolus compactization in nuclei, noticeable accumulation of lipid bodies, development of a lytic compartment (vacuoles, cytosegresontes and paramural bodies), and reduction of phytofierritin in plastids in meristem cells were observed in pea roots exposed to weak magnetic field. Mitochondria were found to be very sensitive to weak magnetic field: their size and relative volume in cells increase, matrix becomes electron-transparent, and cristae reduce. Cytochemical studies indicate that cells of plant roots exposed to weak magnetic field show Ca2+ over-saturation in all organelles and in cytoplasm unlike the control ones. The data presented suggest that prolonged exposures of plants to weak magnetic field may cause different biological effects at the cellular, tissue and organ levels. They may be functionally related to systems that regulate plant metabolism including the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. However, our understanding of very complex fundamental mechanisms and sites of interactions between weak magnetic fields and biological systems is still incomplete and still deserve strong research efforts. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.