Study of the Impact of Ice Formation in Leads upon the Sea Ice Pack Mass Balance Using a New Frazil and Grease Ice Parameterization

Study of the Impact of Ice Formation in Leads upon the Sea Ice Pack Mass Balance Using a New Frazil and Grease Ice Parameterization
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使用新的 Frazil 和油脂冰参数化研究铅中冰的形成对海冰包质量平衡的影响

DOI:
10.1175/jpo-d-14-0184.1
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Wilchinsky A
Wilchinsky A
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wilchinsky A

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铅是海冰中的裂缝,通常是由于变形而形成的。在冬季的几个月里,铅使海洋暴露在寒冷的大气中,导致过冷,并在混合层内形成冰。在这里,作者调查frazil冰形成的作用,通过将一个新的模块到洛斯阿拉莫斯海冰模式(CICE)的海冰包的质量平衡的铅。冰模块考虑了铅的初始冷却,随后是均匀分布的单一大小的冰结晶的稳定状态形成,这些冰结晶作为脂冰沉淀到海洋表面。脂冰被风和水的阻力推到前缘之一,作者通过一个可变的新海冰收集厚度表示。在北极和南极的海冰覆盖的模拟进行,并与一个模型,治疗导致相同的开放的海洋。新模块中的冰形成过程减缓了铅的重新冻结,导致更长时间的冰生成。frazil衍生的海冰的比例从10%增加到50%,更好地对应于观测。新的模块在冰密集的地区有更高的冰形成率,因此在多年冰内的影响比在边缘海更大。北极中部的海冰厚度增加了0.5米以上,而南极的海冰厚度保持不变。
Leads are cracks in sea ice that often form because of deformation. During winter months, leads expose the ocean to the cold atmosphere, resulting in supercooling and the formation of frazil ice crystals within the mixed layer. Here the authors investigate the role of frazil ice formation in leads on the mass balance of the sea ice pack through the incorporation of a new module into the Los Alamos sea ice model (CICE). The frazil ice module considers an initial cooling of leads followed by a steady-state formation of uniformly distributed single size frazil ice crystals that precipitate to the ocean surface as grease ice. The grease ice is pushed against one of the lead edges by wind and water drag that the authors represent through a variable collection thickness for new sea ice. Simulations of the sea ice cover in the Arctic and Antarctic are performed and compared to a model that treats leads the same as the open ocean. The processes of ice formation in the new module slow down the refreezing of leads, resulting in a longer period of frazil ice production. The fraction of frazil-derived sea ice increases from 10% to 50%, corresponding better to observations. The new module has higher ice formation rates in areas of high ice concentration and thus has a greater impact within multiyear ice than it does in the marginal seas. The thickness of sea ice in the central Arctic increases by over 0.5 m, whereas within the Antarctic it remains unchanged.
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