Pertussis and pertussis vaccine.
Pertussis and pertussis vaccine.
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百日咳和百日咳疫苗。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
14.6
通讯作者：
R. Gold
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Gold
百日咳是一种非常令人不快的疾病，可能会影响到所有年龄段的人，尤其是那些不到6个月大的婴儿。这种疾病有三个阶段。第一阶段，或卡他性，以大量鼻涕，轻微咳嗽和低烧为特征；持续1至2周。咳嗽逐渐加重，直到第二阶段，也就是发作性咳嗽，这时孩子反复剧烈咳嗽，之后可能会有一个突然的大灵感，引起百日咳声。咳嗽时会出现紫紫、眼球肿胀、舌头突出、流口水和流泪。阵发性发作之后可能会出现呼吸暂停、窒息或呕吐。这一阶段持续2至4周。恢复期持续1至2周，在此期间咳嗽的频率和严重程度减少。每当孩子有呼吸道感染或暴露在香烟烟雾或冷空气等刺激物中时，阵发性发作可能会在康复后的几个月内复发。百日咳的并发症最常见也最严重的是婴儿。它们可分为三类：*压力效应：结膜下出血、硬膜下血肿、直肠脱垂和脐或腹股沟疝气。*神经系统影响：癫痫发作、脑病和昏迷(由于一种或多种缺氧、低血糖和脑内毛细血管出血)；长期后遗症包括瘫痪、耳聋、失明、智力低下和癫痫。
Pertussis, a very unpleasant illness that can affect people of all ages, is most severe in infants, especially those less than 6 months of age.' The illness has three stages. The first, or catarrhal, stage is characterized by profuse nasal discharge, mild cough and low-grade fever; it lasts 1 to 2 weeks. The cough gradually gets worse until the second, or paroxysmal, stage, when the child suffers repeated severe episodes of coughing that may be followed by a single sudden, large inspiration that gives rise to the whooping sound. During the coughing spells cyanosis, bulging of the eyes, protrusion of the tongue, salivation and lacrimation may occur. The paroxysms may be followed by episodes of apnea, choking or vomiting. This stage lasts 2 to 4 weeks. The convalescent stage, during which the coughing decreases in frequency and severity, lasts 1 to 2 weeks. The paroxysms may recur for several months after recovery whenever the child has a respiratory tract infection or is exposed to irritants such as cigarette smoke or cold air. Complications of pertussis are most frequent and severe in infants.' They can be classified into three categories: * Pressure effects: subconjunctival hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, rectal prolapse, and umbilical or inguinal hernia. * Neurologic effects: seizures, encephalopathy and coma (due to one or more of hypoxia, hypoglycemia and intracerebral capillary hemorrhage); long-term sequelae include paralysis, deafness, blindness, mental retardation and epilepsy.