Twelve years since The Great Hanshin Awaji earthquake, a disaster in an aged society
Twelve years since The Great Hanshin Awaji earthquake, a disaster in an aged society
复制标题
阪神淡路大地震十二周年，老龄化社会的一场灾难
DOI：
10.1111/j.1479-8301.2007.00204.x
复制
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
K. Maeda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Maeda
阪神Awaji大地震已经过去了12年。超过6400人死亡，超过一半的人是60岁以上的老年人。幸存的老人也经历了一段艰难的时光。他们失去了房屋，不得不被疏散。2007年1月17日，在纪念1995年阪神大地震12周年的仪式和活动中，6434名遇难者受到哀悼。参与者为逝去的亲人的灵魂祈祷，并发誓要将地震中吸取的教训传递给子孙后代。其中一个仪式是在神户举行的。大约4000人从早上5点49分开始默默祈祷，这是地震发生的确切时间。地震的震中位于阪神区主要城市下方，其中包括拥有约150万人口的神户市。日本的震级为7级，震级为里氏7.2级。如果事故发生在半夜，当时许多居民都在睡觉，邻居们的救援工作可能是不可能的。如果地震发生在一两个小时后，交通系统就会很繁忙，这肯定会导致更多的人死于交通事故。受地震影响的人数估计为240万人。超过32万失去家园的人不得不留在紧急避难所。据报道，死亡人数超过6000人。四分之三的直接死亡是由于房屋家具和屋顶材料造成的窒息。其他主要原因是烧伤、包括颈椎区域在内的多处骨折和创伤性休克。地震的震中在神户附近。没有人预料到神户地区会发生地震。神户大学位于受灾最严重地区的中心。神户地区的许多灾民是在看了电视上的燃烧场面后才能了解地震的震级。重要的是要了解，受灾害影响的民众有时对灾害的规模和性质了解得最少。地震发生后不久，大多数遇难者都经历了情感麻木。一名失去父母的受害者报告说，他感觉自己与现实脱节。他说他感觉不到悲伤。由于频繁的余震，摇晃的感觉仍在继续。这位作家经历了一种去人格化。去人格化可能是对灾难的一种心理保护。地震发生两三天后，大多数遇难者变得健谈和喜悦。一些人甚至变得轻躁，表现出精神运动兴奋的迹象。这些症状可能是喜悦的生存所致。早期的主要精神问题是精神疾病的复发和因暂停习惯性用药而导致的癫痫发作。据报道，特别是在老年人中，出现了记忆力丧失和定向障碍。DOI：10.1111/j.1479-8301.2007.00204.x精神病老年医学2007年；7：41-43
Twelve years have passed since the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake. More than 6400 people died and over half were elderly, aged over 60 years. The elderly who survived also had a hard time. They lost their houses and had to be evacuated. The 6434 victims of the 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake were mourned at ceremonies and events marking its 12th anniversary on 17 January 2007. Participants prayed for the souls of deceased loved ones, and vowed to pass on the lessons learned in the quake to future generations. One of the ceremonies was held in Kobe. About 4000 people prayed silently beginning at 0549 hours, the exact time the quake occurred. The earthquake was centred below the major cities of Hanshin district, which include Kobe city of approximately 1.5 million populations. The Japanese scale for damage was 7 and the quake was measured at 7.2 on the Richter scale. If it had happened in the middle of the night while many residents were asleep, rescue work by neighbors might have been impossible. If the earthquake occurred one or two hours later, the transportation systems would have been busy, which might surely have caused the deaths of many more people due to traffic accidents. The number of people affected by the earthquake was estimated as 2.4 million. Over 320 000 people who lost their homes had to stay in emergency shelters. The number of dead was reported to be over 6000. Three-quarters of immediate fatalities were due to asphyxia by house furniture and roof materials. Other major causes were burns, multiple fractures, including of the cervical area, and traumatic shock. The epicenter of the earthquake is near Kobe. Nobody expected an earthquake in the Kobe area. Kobe University was at the center of the worst hit area. Many victims in Kobe area were able to understand the magnitude of the earthquake only after watching the burning scene on television. It is important to understand that the population affected by a disaster is sometimes the least informed regarding the magnitude and nature of the disaster. Soon after the earthquake, most of the victims experienced emotional numbness. One victim who lost his parents reported that he felt out of touch with the reality. He said that he could not feel sadness. The sensation of shaking continued due to frequent aftershocks. The writer experienced a kind of depersonalization. Depersonalization could be a psychological protection from the disaster. Two or three days after the earthquake, the majority of the victims became talkative and joyful. Some people even became hypomanic and showed signs of psychomotor excitement. These symptoms might be caused by the joy of survival. Major psychiatric problems during the early stage were recurrence of mental disease and epileptic seizures due to the suspension of habitual medication. Loss of memory and disorientation were reported, particularly among the elderly. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8301.2007.00204.x PSYCHOGERIATRICS 2007; 7: 41–43