The Road to Dystopia? Changes in the Penal Climate of the Netherlands
The Road to Dystopia? Changes in the Penal Climate of the Netherlands
复制标题
通往反乌托邦之路？
DOI：
10.1086/650186
复制
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
René van Swaaningen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Downes;René van Swaaningen
荷兰刑法政策的战后发展包括一个持续减少监禁规模的时期（1947-74年），产生了欧洲最人道的刑法制度，随后的第二个时期（1975年至今），这一趋势发生了逆转，监禁率超过了欧洲平均水平，对监狱制度的性质产生了不利影响。最初阶段的原因并不是不言自明的，发生在犯罪上升的时候，并基于尽量减少诉诸拘留的理念。从1975年到1980年代中期，在犯罪率急剧上升的时期，这种方法的关键要素继续存在。1985年后的持续重新监禁期，以及这一时期一直延续到1990年代及以后，需要对刑事政策进行全面调整。管理性、工具性和失能性措施优先于先前的重新社会化和恢复性司法目标。
Postwar developments in Dutch penal policy encompass one period of sustained reduction in the scale of imprisonment (1947–74), producing the most humane penal system in Europe, followed by a second (1975 to date) in which that trend reversed, producing an imprisonment rate that exceeds the European average, with adverse consequences for the character of prison regimes. The causes of the initial period are not self‐evident, taking place while crime was rising, and based on a philosophy of minimizing the resort to custody. Key elements of that approach continued from 1975 to the mid‐1980s, during a period of sharply rising crime rates. The period of sustained recarceration after 1985, and its prolongation, into the 1990s and beyond, entailed a sweeping reconfiguration of penal policy. Managerial, instrumental, and incapacitative measures took precedence over previous goals of resocialization and restorative justice.