The wave packet: an action potential for the 21st century.
The wave packet: an action potential for the 21st century.
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DOI：
10.1142/s0219635203000214
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Freeman, Walter J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Freeman, Walter J
在刺激到来之前、之中和之后，感觉和知觉涉及大量分布广泛的皮层树突和动作电位，但具有不同的时空模式。刺激激活受体直接（嗅觉）或间接通过丘脑皮质继电器驱动皮层神经元。这种被驱动的活动诱发了被称为波包的神经活动的半球范围内的自组织模式。假设有三个层次的大脑功能来调节从感觉到知觉的转变。由动作电位表达的微观活动是感觉的。行为所表达的整个前脑的宏观活动是感性的。介观活动通过波包的形成弥补了这一缺口。当感觉输入通过局部状态转换使主要接收区域不稳定时，它们就形成了。感觉驱动的动作电位凝聚成介观波包，就像分子由蒸汽形成雨滴一样。凝结盘维持了β和γ脑电图中载波相位和振幅的二维空间模式。AM模式不是与特征相关，而是与感官刺激的背景和价值相关，总之，与它们的意义相关。来自所有感觉区域的波包通过前脑广泛传播。它们诱导宏观模式的形成，这些模式像闪烁的水池一样聚集在每个半球的大部分，甚至整个半球上。预测是为了临床试验，波包是意识状态的前兆。它们本身是无法被体验到的，因为可能是由全局状态转换引发的宏观状态。
Sensing and perceiving involve enormous numbers of widely distributed dendritic and action potentials in cortex, before, during and after stimulus arrival but with differing spatiotemporal patterns. Stimulus-activated receptors drive cortical neurons directly (olfactory) or indirectly through thalamocortical relays. The driven activity induces hemisphere-wide, self-organized patterns of neural activity called wave packets. Three levels of brain function are hypothesized to mediate transition from sensation and perception. Microscopic activity expressed by action potentials is sensory. Macroscopic activity of the whole forebrain expressed by behavior is perceptual. Mesoscopic activity bridges the gap by the formation of wave packets. They form when sensory input destabilizes the primary receiving areas by local state transitions. The sensory-driven action potentials condense into mesoscopic wave packets like molecules forming raindrops from vapor. The condensation disks sustain 2D spatial patterns of phase and amplitude of carrier waves in the beta and gamma EEG. The AM patterns correlate not with features but with the context and value of sensory stimuli for the subjects, in a word, their meaning. The wave packets from all sensory areas are broadly transmitted through the forebrain. They induce the formation of macroscopic patterns that coalesce like scintillating pools over much and perhaps all of each hemisphere. The prediction is made for clinical testing that wave packets are precursor to states of awareness. They are not by themselves accessible to experience, as may be the macroscopic states initiated by global state transitions.