Motivated attention and prepulse inhibition of startle in rats: using conditioned reinforcers as prepulses.
Motivated attention and prepulse inhibition of startle in rats: using conditioned reinforcers as prepulses.
复制标题
大鼠惊吓的激发注意力和前脉冲抑制：使用条件强化物作为前脉冲。
DOI：
10.1037/0735-7044.121.6.1372
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Richards,JerryB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baschnagel,JosephS;HawkJr,LarryW;Colder,CraigR;Richards,JerryB
在人类中，惊吓的前脉冲抑制（PPI）在被关注的刺激前比在被忽略的刺激前更大，而在大鼠中，大多数工作都集中在被动PPI上，这不需要注意。在这篇文章中所描述的工作，研究人员开发了一个范式，以评估注意力修饰的PPI在大鼠使用动机显著的前脉冲。水剥夺大鼠条件注意到条件刺激（CS; 1-s，7分贝增加白色噪音）与水配对（CS+组），或他们收到不相关的介绍白色噪音和水（CS 0组）。在10个调节期后，引入惊吓探针（50 ms，115 dB），CS用作连续的前脉冲。三个实验检查了PPI在一系列前脉冲强度（4-10 dB）和刺激起始时间（SOA; 30-960 ms）。CS+组PPI持续降低，特别是在10 dB前脉冲和60 ms SOA的情况下。因此，在大鼠中，PPI在注意和忽略的刺激前不同，但在对人类的研究结果中，这种效果是相反的。第四项研究通过逆转CS-水应急来消除组差异。关于目前的研究结果的方法和动机的假设进行了讨论。
In humans, prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle is greater during attended prestimuli than it is during ignored prestimuli, whereas in rats, most work has focused on passive PPI, which does not require attention. In the work described in this article, researchers developed a paradigm to assess attentional modification of PPI in rats using motivationally salient prepulses. Water-deprived rats were either conditioned to attend to a conditioned stimulus (CS; 1-s, 7-dB increase in white noise) paired with water (CS+ group), or they received uncorrelated presentations of white noise and water (CS 0 group). After 10 conditioning sessions, startle probes (50 ms, 115 dB) were introduced, with the CS serving as a continuous prepulse. Three experiments examined PPI across a range of prepulse intensities (4–10 dB) and stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs; 30–960 ms). PPI was consistently reduced in the CS+ group, particularly with a 10-dB prepulse and a 60-ms SOA. Thus, PPI in rats differed between attended and ignored prestimuli, but the effect was reversed in the results of research with humans. A fourth study eliminated the group difference by reversing the CS–water contingency. Methodological and motivational hypotheses regarding the current findings are discussed.