Visual sensitivity underlying changes in visual consciousness.
Visual sensitivity underlying changes in visual consciousness.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.015
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发表时间：
2010-08-10
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Blake, Randolph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alais, David;Cass, John;O'Shea, Robert P.;Blake, Randolph
当我们用每只眼睛观察不同的刺激时，我们会体验到双眼竞争的显著现象：刺激之间的意识交替。根据1901年首次提出的流行理论，编码两种刺激的神经元参与相互抑制，因此处理一种刺激的神经元抑制处理另一种刺激的神经元，从而在任何时候产生一种主导刺激的意识，另一种被抑制。同样根据该理论，编码主导刺激的神经元适应，削弱它们的活动和它们可以施加的抑制，而编码抑制刺激的神经元从适应中恢复，直到活动平衡逆转，触发意识的交替。尽管该理论很受欢迎，但它与数据有一个明显的不一致之处：在抑制期间，优势眼对短暂探测刺激的视觉敏感度应该随着时间的推移而降低，而被抑制的眼睛应该增加，但敏感度似乎是恒定的。使用更合适的探针刺激（实验1）结合一种新的方法（实验2），我们发现，在显性和抑制的敏感性不显示预测的互补变化。我们设计了一种新的方法来探测竞争过程中的对比敏感度。优势眼的敏感度下降;被抑制眼的敏感度提高。在知觉优势转换之前，敏感度是相似的。这证实了双眼竞争的相互抑制理论的预测。
When viewing a different stimulus with each eye we experience the remarkable phenomenon of binocular rivalry: alternations in consciousness between the stimuli. According to a popular theory first proposed in 1901, neurons encoding the two stimuli engage in reciprocal inhibition so that those processing one stimulus inhibit those processing the other, yielding consciousness of one, dominant, stimulus at any moment, the other being suppressed. Also according to the theory, neurons encoding the dominant stimulus adapt, weakening their activity and the inhibition they can exert, while neurons encoding the suppressed stimulus recover from adaptation, until the balance of activity reverses, triggering an alternation in consciousness. Despite its popularity, this theory has one glaring inconsistency with data: during an episode of suppression, visual sensitivity to brief probe stimuli in the dominant eye should decrease over time, and should increase in the suppressed eye, yet sensitivity appears constant. Using more appropriate probe stimuli (Experiment 1) in conjunction with a new method (Experiment 2) we found that sensitivities in dominance and suppression do show the predicted complementary changes. We devised a new method to probe contrast sensitivity during rivalry episodes Sensitivity of the dominant eye declines; sensitivity of the suppressed eye improves Sensitivities are similar just prior to a switch of perceptual dominance This confirms predictions from reciprocal-inhibition theory of binocular rivalry
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