Fifty Communities Putting Prevention to Work: Accelerating Chronic Disease Prevention Through Policy, Systems and Environmental Change
Fifty Communities Putting Prevention to Work: Accelerating Chronic Disease Prevention Through Policy, Systems and Environmental Change
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DOI：
10.1007/s10900-012-9542-3
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Bauer, Ursula
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bunnell, Rebecca;O'Neil, Dara;Bauer, Ursula
可预防的慢性疾病的负担正在给我们国家的健康和经济带来压力。由肥胖和烟草使用引起的疾病占这一可预防负担的最大部分。2010年，美国疾病控制与预防中心资助了50个社区，在一项为期两年的倡议中实施政策、系统和环境干预措施。受资助的社区制定了PSE计划，以减少其5500万居民的肥胖、烟草使用和二手烟暴露。根据PSE干预措施对社区成果目标和里程碑进行分类，因为它们与媒体、访问、推广、定价和社会支持有关。社区根据其管辖范围的人口普查数据和目标人口估计人口覆盖率。为每个干预类别计算每个社区人口达到的平均比例。从常规项目记录中确定项目启动后12个月内实现的结果目标。某一特定干预措施所达到的社区管辖人口的平均比例因干预措施而异。预防肥胖干预措施的平均人口覆盖率估计为35%，其中14项（26%）干预措施覆盖了50%以上的辖区人口。在烟草预防方面，估计平均人口覆盖率为67%，16项（84%）干预措施覆盖了50%以上的辖区人口。在12个月内，社区的肥胖和烟草使用预防战略取得了三分之一以上的进展。在该倡议中，烟草干预措施似乎比肥胖干预措施具有更高的潜在人群覆盖范围。关于这一重大举措的进展和潜在影响的调查结果可能有助于为未来的慢性病预防工作提供信息。
The burden of preventable chronic diseases is straining our nation's health and economy. Diseases caused by obesity and tobacco use account for the largest portions of this preventable burden. CDC funded 50 communities in 2010 to implement policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) interventions in a 2-year initiative. Funded communities developed PSE plans to reduce obesity, tobacco use, and second-hand smoke exposure for their combined 55 million residents. Community outcome objectives and milestones were categorized by PSE interventions as they related to media, access, promotion, pricing, and social support. Communities estimated population reach based on their jurisdiction's census data and target populations. The average proportion of each community's population that was reached was calculated for each intervention category. Outcome objectives that were achieved within 12 months of program initiation were identified from routine program records. The average proportion of a community's jurisdictional population reached by a specific intervention varied across interventions. Mean population reach for obesity-prevention interventions was estimated at 35%, with 14 (26%) interventions covering over 50% of the jurisdictional populations. For tobacco prevention, mean population reach was estimated at 67%, with 16 (84%) interventions covering more than 50% of the jurisdictional populations. Within 12 months, communities advanced over one-third of their obesity and tobacco-use prevention strategies. Tobacco interventions appeared to have higher potential population reach than obesity interventions within this initiative. Findings on the progress and potential reach of this major initiative may help inform future chronic disease prevention efforts.